Achromobacter Yabuuchi and Yano 1981
General information
Description and emendation
Gram-negative, nonsporeforming straight rods which are motile and peritrichous. Strictly aerobic. Glucose and other pentoses and hexoses are oxidized to various degrees, but they are never fermented. Indophenol oxidase and catalase positive; 3-ketolactose is not produced from lactose. The respiratory quinone is ubiquinone 8. The G+C content of the deoxyribonucleic acid is in the range of 65 to 70 mol%.
1: Gram-negative, nonsporeforming, straight rods of 0.8 to 1.2 by 2.5 to 3.0 μm with rounded ends. Motile with sheathed flagella arranged peritrichously. The number of flagella is 1 to 20 per cell. Strictly aerobic and nonfermentative. Strains of some species are able to grow anaerobically with nitrate as electron acceptor. They perform nitrate respiration combined with nitrite and nitrous oxide respiration. Two distinct azurins, bacterial blue copper protein probably playing a role of electron transfer, are isolated from strains of Achromobacter xylosoxidans. Nitrite reductases from the same strains have been reported to contain both type 1 Cu and type 2 Cu. Urease and DNase are negative. Strains are also recognized as facultatively lithoautotrophic hydrogen-oxidizers(Knallgas bacteria). The enzyme is an NAD-specific, soluble hydrogenase not accompanied by a membrane-bound hydrogenase not accompanied by a membrane-bound hydrogenase(Aragno and Schlegel). Some species are also known to form dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) from both DL-methionine and S-methyl-L-cysteine. Nitrate is reduced either to nitrogen fas or to nitrite. Catalase and oxidase are produced. Nonhalophilic, nonhemolytic, and nonpigmented either waster-soluble or insoluble. Acid is produced oxidatively from some carbohydrates in oxidation-fermentation (OF) medium. The acid production is generally not strong and takes 3 or more days for a positive result. Urease, DNase, phenylalanine deaminase, lysine and ornithine decarboxylase, arginine dihydrolase, and gelatinase are negative. The assimilation of DL-malic acid, adipic acid, and phenylacetate is uniformly positive in 3 species, whereas L-arabinose, D-mannitol, D-mannose, maltose, and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine are uniformly negative in 3 species. The assimilation is negtive for sodium citrate by A. piechaudii, potassium gluconate by A. xylosoxidans subsp. denitrificans, and n-capirc acid is negative by both organisms. Although soil and water are regarded as natural habitats, little ecological information is available. Sometimes isolated from a hospital environment and from human clinical specimens with pathological significance or just as a contaminant. The mol% GC of the DNA is 65-67.7.
Subdivision(s)
MID | Name | Rank | Taxon ID |
---|---|---|---|
MSG073256 | 'Achromobacter bacterium' | Species | |
MSG073519 | 'Achromobacter sp.' | Species | |
M022503010101003 | Achromobacter aegrifaciens | Species | 1287736 |
M022503010101004 | Achromobacter agilis | Species | 1353888 |
M022503010101002 | Achromobacter aloeverae | Species | 1750518 |
M022503010101005 | Achromobacter animicus | Species | 1389935 |
M022503010101006 | Achromobacter anxifer | Species | 1287737 |
M022503010101007 | Achromobacter deleyi | Species | 1353891 |
M022503010101008 | Achromobacter denitrificans | Species | 32002 |
M022503010101009 | Achromobacter dolens | Species | 1287738 |
M022503010101010 | Achromobacter insolitus | Species | 217204 |
M022503010101011 | Achromobacter insuavis | Species | 1287735 |
M022503010101012 | Achromobacter kerstersii | Species | 1353890 |
M022503010101013 | Achromobacter marplatensis | Species | 470868 |
M022503010101014 | Achromobacter mucicolens | Species | 1389922 |
M022503010101016 | Achromobacter pestifer | Species | 1353889 |
M022503010101015 | Achromobacter piechaudii | Species | 72556 |
M022503010101017 | Achromobacter pulmonis | Species | 1389932 |
M022503010101018 | Achromobacter ruhlandii | Species | 72557 |
M022503010101019 | Achromobacter spanius | Species | 217203 |
M022503010101001 | Achromobacter xylosoxidans | Species | 85698 |