Enterobacter Hormaeche and Edwards 1960 (Approved Lists 1980)
General information
Description and emendation
Motile peritrichously flagellated rods conforming to the definition of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Gram negative, grow readily on ordinary media. Ferment glucose and lactose with acid and gas. Produce two or more times as much carbon dioxide as hydrogen from glucose. Methyl red test negative; Voges-Proskauer test positive. Trimethyleneglycol not produced from glycerol by anaerobic fermentation. Citric acid and salts of citric acid are utilized as sole sources of carbon. Hydrogen sulfide is not produced. Aerobic, facultatively anaerobic. Widely distributed in nature. Nonmotile and anaerogenic variants occur which may be recognized by their otherwise typical biochemical behavior.
1: Cells are straight rods, 0.6-1.2 µm × 1.2-3.0 µm, motile by peritrichous flagella. Gram negative. Facultatively anaerobic. Optimum temperature for growth is 30°C, most clinical strains grow at 37°C but some environmental strains give erratic biochemical reactions at 37°C. Growth occurs readily on ordinary media and colonies are cream, round, convex and smooth with entire margins. The majority are positive for Voges-Proskauer, arginine dihydrolase and ornithine decarboxylase, and negative for indole, lysine decarboxylase and H2S production. Nitrate is reduced to nitrite. Glucose is fermented with production of acid and gas. N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, L-arabinose, D-cellobiose, D-galactose, maltose, D-mannitol, D-mannose, D-trehalose, cis-aconitic acid, D-gluconic acid, glycerol, -D-glucose-1-phosphate, D-glucose-6-phosphate are used oxidized (Biolog), whereas itaconic acid, propionic acid, 2-aminoethanol and 2,3-butanediol are not. Reactions to tweens 40 and 80, N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, D-arabitol, D-fructose, gentiobiose, D-glucose, m-inositol, lactose, D-melibiose, D-raffinose, L-rhamnose, D-sorbitol, sucrose, turanose, succinic acid mono-methyl ester, p-hydroxy-phenylacetic acid, D-saccharic acid, L-alaninamide, L-proline, D-serine and L-threonine are variable. Major fatty acids are C16:0, C18:1 7c, C17:0 cyclo and summed feature 2 (iso-C16:1 and/or C14:0 3-OH). The fatty acids C13:0 and summed feature 1 (C15:1 iso H and/or C13:0 3-OH) are generally present in low amounts (minimum 1.4 and 1.6% of the total amount, respectively). Members of the genus Enterobacter form a clade using MLSA based on concatenated partial gyrB, rpoB, infB and atpD sequences. Enterobacter species are widely distributed in nature and have been isolated from humans, animals, clinical samples, plants and the natural environment. G+C contents range from 52.0 to 58.5 mol%.
Subdivision(s)
MID | Name | Rank | Taxon ID |
---|---|---|---|
M022506080207008 | Enterobacter asburiae | Species | 61645 |
M022506080207009 | Enterobacter bugandensis | Species | 881260 |
M022506080207006 | Enterobacter cancerogenus | Species | 69218 |
M022506080207007 | Enterobacter chengduensis | Species | 2494701 |
M022506080207005 | Enterobacter chuandaensis | Species | 2497875 |
M022506080207001 | Enterobacter cloacae | Species | 550 |
M022506080207010 | Enterobacter hormaechei | Species | 158836 |
M022506080207004 | Enterobacter huaxiensis | Species | 2494702 |
M022506080207011 | Enterobacter kobei | Species | 208224 |
M022506080207012 | Enterobacter ludwigii | Species | 299767 |
M022506080207013 | Enterobacter mori | Species | 539813 |
M022506080207002 | Enterobacter roggenkampii | Species | 1812935 |
M022506080207014 | Enterobacter siamensis | Species | 990143 |
M022506080207003 | Enterobacter sichuanensis | Species | 2071710 |
M022506080207015 | Enterobacter soli | Species | 885040 |
M022506080207016 | Enterobacter tabaci | Species | 1697388 |