Campylobacter Sebald and Veron 1963 (Approved Lists 1980)
General information
Description and emendation
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1: The G+C contents from 30 to 35 mol% to 30 to 38 mol%.
2: Slender, spirally curved, gram-negative rods that are 0.2 to 0.5 μm wide and 0.5 to 5 μm long. The rods may have one or more spirals and can be as long as 8 μm. They also appear to be S shaped and gull winged when two cells form short chains. Nonsporeforming. Cells in old cultures may form spherical or coccoid bodies. Motile (with a characteristic corkscrewlike, darting motion) by means of a single polar unsheathed flagellum at one or both ends of the cell. Microaerophilic to anaerobic with a respiratory type of metabolism. Growth at 37°C; no growth at 15°C. An O2 concentration of 3 to 15% is required for the preferentially microaerophilic species, while most strains (Campylobacter curvus and Campylobacter rectus) which prefer to grow under anaerobic conditions can also grow in the presence of 1 to 5% O2. Hydrogen is required or stimulates growth under both microaerophilic and anaerobic conditions. Occasionally a few strains may grow slightly under aerobic conditions (20% O2). Chemoorganotrophs. Carbohydrates are neither oxidized nor fermented. Does not require serum or blood for growth. Energy is obtained from amino acids or tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates and not from carbohydrates. Urea (except for a group of atypical Campylobacter lari strains)and gelatin are not hydrolyzed. Oxidase activity, but no lipase activity. No pigment production, except for Campylobacter mucosalis and Campylobacter hyointestinalis, which produce a dirty yellow pigment. Menaquinone 6 and methyl-substituted menaquinone 6 are the major respiratory quinones; tetradecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, hexadecenoic acid, and octadecenoic acid are the major fatty acids. The G+C content of the DNA ranges from 30 to 46 mol%. Several species are pathogenic for humans and animals. Found in the reproductive organs, intestinal tracts, and oral cavities of humans and animals.
3: Cells of most species are slender, spirally curved rods, 0.2-0.8 µm wide and 0.5-5 µm long; cells of some species are predominantly curved or straight rods. Rods may have one or more spirals and can be as long as 8 mm; they also appear S-shaped and gullwinged when two cells form short chains. Non-spore-forming. Cells in old cultures may form spherical or coccoid bodies. Cells have a multilaminar polar membrane at both ends of the cell that is located under the cytoplasmic membrane. Gram-negative. Cells of most species are motile with a characteristic corkscrewlike motion by means of a single, polar, unsheathed flagellum at one or both ends of the cell. The flagella may be two to three times the length of the cells. Cells of other species are non-motile (C. gracilis) or have multiple flagella (Campylobacter showae). Occasionally, differences in the number of flagella shown by cells in a single culture are seen (Campylobacter hyointestinalis). Microaerophilic, with a respiratory type of metabolism. Several species require anaerobiosis for optimal growth and grow only microaerobically in the presence of fumarate with formate or hydrogen. Require an oxygen concentration between 3 and 15% and a carbon dioxide concentration of 3 to 15%. Grow at 35-37°C, not at 4°C. Chemoorganotrophs. Carbohydrates are neither fermented nor oxidized. No acid or neutral end-products produced. Serum or blood enhances, but is not required for, growth. Energy is obtained from amino acids or tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, not from carbohydrates. Starch and tyrosine are not hydrolysed. Typically non-proteolytic, yet C. ureolyticus is capable of digesting gelatin and casein (although C. showae is able to grow on casein hydrolysis test media, it does not hydrolyse casein). Methyl red and Voges-Proskauer negative. Oxidase activity is present in all species except C. gracilis and sporadic isolates of Campylobacter concisus and C. showae. Arylsulfatase activity is reported in some species, but no lipase or lecithinase activity. Most species reduce nitrate. Pigments are not produced. Most species are pathogenic for man and animals. Found in the reproductive organs, intestinal tract and oral cavity of man and animals. The mol% G+C of the DNA ranges from 29 to 47 (thermal denaturation method). Menaquinone-6 (2-methyl-3-farne-syl-farnesyl-1,4-naphthoquinone) and a methyl-substituted menaquinone-6 [2, (5 or 8)-dimethyl-3-farnesyl-farnesyl-1,4-naphthoquinone] have been reported as major respiratory quinones. Internal transcribed spacers or intervening sequences occur in the 16S or 23S rRNA genes of strains of several species.
Subdivision(s)
MID | Name | Rank | Taxon ID |
---|---|---|---|
M022505010102002 | Campylobacter avium | Species | 522485 |
M022505010102003 | Campylobacter blaseri | Species | 2042961 |
M022505010102004 | Campylobacter canadensis | Species | 449520 |
M022505010102005 | Campylobacter coli | Species | 195 |
M022505010102006 | Campylobacter concisus | Species | 199 |
M022505010102007 | Campylobacter corcagiensis | Species | 1448857 |
M022505010102008 | Campylobacter cuniculorum | Species | 374106 |
M022505010102009 | Campylobacter curvus | Species | 200 |
M022505010102001 | Campylobacter fetus | Species | 196 |
M022505010102010 | Campylobacter geochelonis | Species | 1780362 |
M022505010102011 | Campylobacter gracilis | Species | 824 |
M022505010102012 | Campylobacter helveticus | Species | 28898 |
M022505010102013 | Campylobacter hepaticus | Species | 1813019 |
M022505010102014 | Campylobacter hominis | Species | 76517 |
M022505010102015 | Campylobacter hyointestinalis | Species | 198 |
M022505010102016 | Campylobacter iguaniorum | Species | 1244531 |
M022505010102017 | Campylobacter insulaenigrae | Species | 260714 |
M022505010102018 | Campylobacter jejuni | Species | 197 |
M022505010102019 | Campylobacter lanienae | Species | 75658 |
M022505010102020 | Campylobacter lari | Species | 201 |
M022505010102021 | Campylobacter mucosalis | Species | 202 |
M022505010102022 | Campylobacter ornithocola | Species | 1848766 |
M022505010102023 | Campylobacter peloridis | Species | 488546 |
M022505010102024 | Campylobacter pinnipediorum | Species | 1965231 |
M022505010102025 | Campylobacter rectus | Species | 203 |
M022505010102026 | Campylobacter showae | Species | 204 |
M022505010102027 | Campylobacter sputorum | Species | 206 |
M022505010102028 | Campylobacter subantarcticus | Species | 497724 |
M022505010102029 | Campylobacter upsaliensis | Species | 28080 |
M022505010102030 | Campylobacter ureolyticus | Species | 827 |
M022505010102031 | Campylobacter volucris | Species | 1031542 |