| Drug ID: | Drug103 |
|---|---|
| Drug Name: | Rifaximin |
| CID: | 6436173 |
| DrugBank ID: | DB01220 |
| Modality: | Small Molecule |
| Groups: | approved|investigational |
| US Approved: | YES |
| Other Approved: | YES |
| Identifier: | NCT00355602 |
| Molecular Formula: | C43H51N3O11 |
| Molecular Weight: | 785.9 g/mol |
| Isomeric SMILES: | C[C@H]1/C=C/C=C(\\C(=O)NC2=C(C3=C(C4=C(C(=C3O)C)O[C@@](C4=O)(O/C=C/[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1O)C)O)C)OC(=O)C)C)OC)C)C5=C2N6C=CC(=CC6=N5)C)O)/C |
| Synonyms: | Rifaximin; Rifaxidin; 80621-81-4; Rifacol; Rifamycin L 105; Rifaximine; Fatroximin; Rifamixin; Rifaximina; Normix |
| Phase 0: | 4 |
| Phase 1: | 20 |
| Phase 2: | 73 |
| Phase 3: | 50 |
| Phase 4: | 32 |
| Description: | Rifaximin is a semisynthetic, rifamycin-based non-systemic antibiotic, meaning that the drug will not pass the gastrointestinal wall into the circulation as is common for other types of orally administered antibiotics. It is used to treat diarrhea caused by E. coli. |
Molecular Structure
Knowledge Graph
| dtID | CID | Compound Name | Gene ID | Gene Name | Species | PubMed IDs | Action |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| dt880 | 6436173 | Rifaximin | 8856 | NR1I2 | Homo sapiens (human) | None | |
| dt881 | 6436173 | Rifaximin | 93777907 | rpoB | Escherichia coli K-12 | Inhibitor | |
| dt882 | 6436173 | Rifaximin | 8856 | NR1I2 | Homo sapiens (human) | Agonist | |
| dt883 | 6436173 | Rifaximin | 1576 | CYP3A4 | Homo sapiens (human) | Substrate|Inducer | |
| dt884 | 6436173 | Rifaximin | 1557 | CYP2C19 | Homo sapiens (human) | Inducer | |
| dt885 | 6436173 | Rifaximin | 1558 | CYP2C8 | Homo sapiens (human) | 11996015 | Inducer |
| dt886 | 6436173 | Rifaximin | 8856 | NR1I2 | Homo sapiens (human) | 22790967 | [NR1I2 results in increased susceptibility to rifaximin] which results in increased expression of CD36 protein|[nr1i2 results in increased susceptibility to rifaximin] which results in increased expression of CFD mrna|[nr1i2 results in increased susceptib |
| dt887 | 6436173 | Rifaximin | 8856 | NR1I2 | Homo sapiens (human) | 21599020 | [rifaximin binds to and results in increased activity of NR1I2 protein] inhibits the reaction [trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid results in increased expression of TNF protein]|[rifaximin binds to and results in increased activity of NR1I2 protein] inhibits th |
| dt888 | 6436173 | Rifaximin | 8856 | NR1I2 | Homo sapiens (human) | Rifaximin results in increased activity of NR1I2 protein | |
| dt889 | 6436173 | Rifaximin | 8856 | NR1I2 | Homo sapiens (human) | Rifaximin results in increased expression of NR1I2 mRNA |
- No data available
Phase Distribution
Phase Description
- Phase 0: Exploratory trials to assess drug behavior in humans
- Phase 1: Safety trials to determine safe dosage range
- Phase 2: Efficacy trials to evaluate therapeutic effects
- Phase 3: Large-scale trials to confirm efficacy and safety
- Phase 4: Post-marketing surveillance for long-term safety and efficacy
| Trial ID | Title | Phase | Status | Sponsor | Indications | Interventions | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT05453916 | Comparing the Efficacy of Nitazoxanide Versus Rifaximin in Adult Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome Without Constipation | PHASE1|PHASE2 | WITHDRAWN | Sadat City University | Irritable Bowel Syndrome With Diarrhea | DRUG: Nitazoxanide 500Mg Oral Tablet|DRUG: Rifaxi… | Details |
| NCT04841980 | Rifaximin Therapy vs Low FODMAP Diet In IBS | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | University of Malaya | Irritable Bowel Syndrome|Small Intestinal Bacteri… | DRUG: Rifaximin|OTHER: Low FODMAP diet | Details |
| NCT04557215 | Efficacy and Safety of Rifaximin With NAC in IBS-D | PHASE1|PHASE2 | COMPLETED | Cedars-Sinai Medical Center | Irritable Bowel Syndrome With Diarrhea | DRUG: Rifaximin|DRUG: N-acetylcysteine|DRUG: Plac… | Details |
| NCT04316806 | Effect of a Probiotic Formula on Reducing SIBO in IBS Patients | NA | TERMINATED | AB Biotics, SA | Irritable Bowel Syndrome|Small Intestinal Bacteri… | DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT: Probiotic|DRUG: Rifaximin | Details |
| NCT04254549 | Rifaximin in Patients With Diabetic Gastroparesis | PHASE2 | TERMINATED | Mayo Clinic | Crohn Disease|Diabetic Gastroparesis | DRUG: Rifaximin|DRUG: Placebo | Details |
| NCT04154735 | Autologous Transplant Targeted Against Crohn's | PHASE2 | WITHDRAWN | Northwestern University | Crohn's Disease | DRUG: Fludarabine|DRUG: Cyclophosphamide|DRUG: Me… | Details |
| NCT04074421 | Effects of Continuous Treatment With Rifaximin and Probiotics on the Gut Microbiota of Patients With IBS-D | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University | IBS - Irritable Bowel Syndrome|Gut Microbiota | DRUG: Rifaximin|DRUG: Probiotic Formula|DRUG: Pla… | Details |
| NCT03729271 | Hydrogen Breath Test an Instrument to Predict Rifaximin-Response in Irritable Bowel Syndrome Predominant Diarrhea | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | University of Michigan | Irritable Bowel Syndrome|Irritable Bowel Syndrome… | DRUG: Rifaximin|DEVICE: Glucose and lactulose hyd… | Details |
| NCT03557788 | Changes in Microbiota and Metabolomic Profile Between Rifaximin Responders and Non-responders In Diarrhoea-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | National University Hospital, Singapore | Irritable Bowel Syndrome With Diarrhea | DRUG: Rifaximin Oral Tablet | Details |
| NCT03537157 | A Multicentre Study on Rifaximin in Post-operative Endoscopic Crohn's Disease Recurrence Prevention | PHASE2 | TERMINATED | Alfasigma S.p.A. | Crohn Disease | DRUG: Rifaximin delayed release tablets|OTHER: Pl… | Details |
| NCT03462966 | Rifaximin on Visceral Hypersensitivity | PHASE2 | TERMINATED | Cedars-Sinai Medical Center | Visceral Hypersensitivity|Irritable Bowel Syndrome | DRUG: Rifaximin | Details |
| NCT03219528 | A Longitudinal Study to Identify IBS Phenotypes Using Fecal Microbiota and Hydrogen Breath Testing | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | University of Michigan | Irritable Bowel Syndrome | DRUG: Rifaximin 550 MG|OTHER: Low FODMAP Diet | Details |
| NCT03185624 | Effectiveness of Rifaximin on Preventing Postoperative Recurrence in Crohn's Disease | PHASE3 | UNKNOWN | Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University | Crohn Disease | DRUG: Rifaximin | Details |
| NCT03185611 | Effectiveness of Rifaximin Combined With Thiopurine on Preventing Postoperative Recurrence in Crohn's Disease | PHASE3 | UNKNOWN | Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University | Crohn Disease | DRUG: Rifaximin|DRUG: Azathioprine | Details |
| NCT02651740 | Gut Microbiota Reconstruction in the Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome With Predominant Diarrhea | PHASE2|PHASE3 | UNKNOWN | Shanghai Zhongshan Hospital | Irritable Bowel Syndrome | DRUG: Rifaximin|PROCEDURE: Fecal microbiota trans… | Details |
| NCT02620007 | Evaluation of Adherent Invasive E. Coli Eradication in Adult Crohn Disease | PHASE2 | TERMINATED | Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris | Crohn Disease|Adherent-invasive E. Coli | DRUG: Ciprofloxacin|DRUG: Rifaximin|DRUG: Ciprofl… | Details |
| NCT02565654 | Efficacy of Rifaximin to Treat Diarrhea-predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome | NULL | UNKNOWN | First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University | Irritable Bowel Syndrome | None | Details |
| NCT02272868 | Fecal Microbial Transplant in Pediatric Crohn's Disease | PHASE1|PHASE2 | TERMINATED | Seattle Children's Hospital | Crohn's Disease | BIOLOGICAL: Fecal Microbial transplant|DRUG: Norm… | Details |
| NCT02240121 | One Year Study of Rifaximin Delayed Release (DR) Tablets in Crohn's Disease | PHASE3 | TERMINATED | Bausch Health Americas, Inc. | Crohn's Disease | DRUG: Rifaximin EIR|DRUG: Placebo | Details |
| NCT02240108 | One Year Study of Rifaximin Delayed Release (DR) in Crohn's Disease | PHASE3 | TERMINATED | Bausch Health Americas, Inc. | Crohn's Disease | DRUG: Rifaximin EIR|DRUG: Placebo | Details |
| Disease ID | Disease Name | Definition | Category | Related Drugs | Mechanism | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2.0 | ulcerative colitis | A colitis that is predominantly confined to the mucosa located_in colon and includes characteristic ulcers, or open sores. | disease of anatomical entity, gastrointestinal system disease, autoimmune disease of gastrointestinal tract; intestinal disease, inflammatory bowel disease, colitis; disease, primary immunodeficiency disease, autoimmune disease, autoimmune disease of gastrointestinal tract | Mirikizumab; Olsalazine; Balsalazide; Sulfasalazine; Budesonide; Hydrocortisone acetate; Tixocortol; Kappadione; Teicoplanin; Atezolizumab; Gamolenic acid; Upadacitinib | No abstract available | Details |
| Strategy ID | Therapeutic Strategy | Synonyms | Related Drugs | Mechanism | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S01 | Anti-inflammatory | inflammatory | 5-Aminosalicylates (5-ASAs); corticosteroids | Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are the two main com… | Details |
| S02 | Immunosuppression | Classic immunosuppressive drugs | azathioprine; 6-mercaptopurine; methotrexate; ciclosporin-A; tacrolimus | Ciclosporin-A and tacrolimus bind to specific intracellular… | Details |
| S03 | Anti-TNF agents | Tumor necrosis factor | infliximab; adalimumab; golimumab; certolizumab pegol | TNF is produced by various immune and non-immune cells in t… | Details |
| S04 | T-cell homing and retention | T-cell trafficking | vedolizumab; anti-MAdCAM1 antibodies ; etrolizumab | Inhibition of the interaction between α4β7 integrins on T c… | Details |
| S07 | Blockade of cytokine | Cytokine signalling | apremilast; roflumilast; filgotinib; tofacitinib; ABT494; ABT-874; ustekinumab; isankizumab; LY-2525623; AMG139; MEDI2079; guselkumab | Various T-cell subsets, their differentiation pathways and … | Details |
| S08 | Strengthening barrier function | Modulation of barrier function | phosphatidylcholine (lecithin); imiquimod; mongersen | Escherichia coli Nissle (EcN) is a nonpathogenic Gram-negat… | Details |
| S11 | Improveming Intestinal Microecology | the intestinal microbiota | antibiotics; probiotics; prebiotics; postbiotics; synbiotics; fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) | The imbalance between beneficial bacteria and harmful patho… | Details |
Rifaximin as a Therapeutic Ally in the Modulation of Dysbiosis: A Narrative Rev…
PMID: 40530108
Year: 2025
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 6.5
BACKGROUND: The gastrointestinal microbiota is vital for a well-functioning digestive tract, nutrient metabolism, immune support, and protection agai…
Update on the Role of Rifaximin in Digestive Diseases
PMID: 37004222
Year: 2023
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 6.5
Various environmental factors affecting the human microbiota may lead to gut microbial imbalance and to the development of pathologies. Alterations o…
Does rifaximin offer any promise in Crohn's disease in remission and concurrent…
PMID: 33429768
Year: 2021
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 6.5
Microbiota plays an important role in many diseases including inflammatory bowel diseases. Inflammatory bowel disease patients can have concurrent ir…
Increased Faecalibacterium abundance is associated with clinical improvement in…
PMID: 32885687
Year: 2020
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 6.5
Compositional and functional alterations of the gut microbiota are involved in the pathogenesis of several gastrointestinal diseases. Rifaximin is of…
Mechanism of action and therapeutic benefit of rifaximin in patients with irrit…
PMID: 32047534
Year: 2020
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 6.5
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder with a multifactorial pathophysiology. The gut microbiota differs bet…
Rifaximin anti-inflammatory activity on bovine endometrium primary cell culture…
PMID: 29984902
Year: 2018
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 6.3
Rifaximin is an unabsorbed oral antibiotic showing anti-inflammatory properties in human pathologies like irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory b…
Rifaximin decreases virulence of Crohn's disease-associated Escherichia coli an…
PMID: 29410518
Year: 2018
Relationship Type:
Association
Score: 6.3
Escherichia coli with an adherent and invasive pathotype (AIEC) is implicated in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD). Rifaximin improves symptom…
The effect of cyclic rifaximin therapy on symptoms of diverticular disease from…
PMID: 28702105
Year: 2017
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 6.3
INTRODUCTION: Symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease of the colon (SUDD) is one of the most common diseases with which patients present to a …
Use of rifaximin in gastrointestinal and liver diseases
PMID: 27547007
Year: 2016
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 6.3
Rifaximin is a broad spectrum oral antibiotic with antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. It …
Synergic Interaction of Rifaximin and Mutaflor (Escherichia coli Nissle 1917) i…
PMID: 27433160
Year: 2016
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 6.3
Background. Inflammatory bowel disease results from the dysregulation of immune response to environmental and microbial agents in genetically suscept…
Introduction: understanding mechanisms of the actions of rifaximin in selected …
PMID: 26618920
Year: 2016
Relationship Type:
Mechanism
Score: 6.3
BACKGROUND: Historically, the beneficial effects of the nonsystemic oral agent rifaximin on various gastrointestinal (GI) disorders have been attribu…
Role of Rifaximin in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Treatment
PMID: 26202194
Year: 2015
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 6.3
Inflammatory bowel diseases are characterised by an altered composition of the intestinal microbiota, which may contribute to their development and m…
Therapeutic Effects and Mechanisms of Action of Rifaximin in Gastrointestinal D…
PMID: 26162610
Year: 2015
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 6.3
Emerging preclinical and clinic evidence described herein suggests that the mechanism of action of rifaximin is not restricted to direct antibacteria…
EFFECT OF PREGNANE XENOBIOTIC RECEPTOR ACTIVATION ON INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE…
PMID: 26122229
Year: 2015
Relationship Type:
Association
Score: 6.3
The causes and pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) are still not clearly understood. This study aims to prove the important role of rifa…
Rifaximin, gut microbes and mucosal inflammation: unraveling a complex relation…
PMID: 25244596
Year: 2014
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 6.3
Rifaximin is a non-systemic, broad-spectrum antibiotic that acts against gram-positive, gram-negative, and anaerobic bacteria. Clinical studies indic…
Rifaximin and Crohn's disease
PMID: 24259983
Year: 2013
Relationship Type:
Clinical Trial
Score: 6.1
In a recent article, Longman and Swaminath analyzed our paper on the use of rifaximin in patients with moderately active Crohn's disease (CD). Here w…
[Rifaximin for hepatic encephalopathy in children. Case report]
PMID: 22231877
Year: 2011
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 6.1
Rifaximin is an antibiotic recently approved for the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in adults. In children more than 12 year-old, it has been ap…
Rifaximin-extended intestinal release induces remission in patients with modera…
PMID: 22155172
Year: 2012
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 6.1
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Bacteria might be involved in the development and persistence of inflammation in patients with Crohn's disease (CD), and antibioti…
Inhibition of NF-κB by a PXR-dependent pathway mediates counter-regulatory acti…
PMID: 21806984
Year: 2011
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 6.1
A dysregulated interaction between intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) and components of innate immunity is a hallmark of inflammatory bowel diseases. …
Rifaximin modulates the colonic microbiota of patients with Crohn's disease: an…
PMID: 20852272
Year: 2010
Relationship Type:
Adverse Effect
Score: 6.1
OBJECTIVES: Rifaximin, a rifamycin derivative, has been reported to induce clinical remission of active Crohn's disease (CD), a chronic inflammatory …