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P1
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Genetics
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Gene variant; Heredity; Genetic factor; Epigeneti…
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Genome wide association studies and computerised (in silico) meta-analyses have identified and conf…
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22914295; 22047562; 15168824;…
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Details
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P2
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Environmental factors
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Low sunlight exposure; Smoking; appendectomy; int…
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Environmental factors contribute to IBD pathogenesis. Smoking, appendectomy and intestinal infectio…
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21332762; 20117338; 22102318;…
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Details
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P3
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Gut microbiota factor
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Gut microbiome; Intestinal microbiota; Microbiota…
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Several of the organisms are known to reside at the inflamed mucosa with the potential to exacerbat…
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24629344; 19665880; 25619688;…
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Details
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P4
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Innate immune
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neutrophils; monocytes; macrophages; DCs; nonimmu…
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One of the earliest signs of intestinal inflammation is the infiltration of the gut mucosa and epit…
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23598816; 23619691; 24669294;…
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Details
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P5
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Adaptive immunity
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Humoral immunity; Effector T cells; Natural kille…
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A general activation of the humoral immune response is found in both Crohn's disease and ulcerative…
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3802572; 2731973; 12477762; 2…
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Details
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P6
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Soluble mediators
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Cytokines; Chemokines; IL-2; IL-1β; IL-6; TNF; Tr…
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Production of IL-2 reveals a differential pattern in IBD, with mucosal T cells in Crohn's disease p…
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8757634; 9098000; 8440434; 93…
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Details
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P7
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Epithelial cells
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intestinal mucosal deteriorations; IEC; CD8+ T ; …
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IBD-associated IECs are impaired in their capacity of inducing CD8+ T suppressor cells, suggesting …
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4046492; 2960770; 2145321
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Details
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P8
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Intestinal permeability
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mucous layer; NOD2; goblet cells; Paneth cells; b…
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A link between intestinal permeability and IBD immunopathogenesis is intuitive, as a properly regul…
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16831596; 19855405; 6407889; …
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Details
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P9
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Intestinal fibrosis
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Mesenchymal cells; ECM; fibrosis; Intestinal inju…
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ntestinal fibrosis, due to the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM), constitutes a co…
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19347014; 17156147; 23626373;…
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Details
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P10
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Angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis
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Angiogenesis; (VEGF)-A; Lymphangiogenesis;
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The growth of new vessels and the expansion of tissue-specific microvascular networks, angiogenesis…
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16762629; 19013462; 24449090;…
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Details
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