Drug ID:Drug12
Drug Name:Caffeine
CID:2519
DrugBank ID:DB00201
Modality:Small Molecule
Groups:approved
US Approved:YES
Other Approved:YES
Identifier: NCT03358706, , NCT02760615
Molecular Formula:C8H10N4O2
Molecular Weight:194.19 g/mol
Isomeric SMILES:CN1C=NC2=C1C(=O)N(C(=O)N2C)C
Synonyms:caffeine; 58-08-2; Guaranine; 1,3,7-Trimethylxanthine; Methyltheobromine; Theine; Thein; Cafeina; Koffein; Mateina
Phase 0: 18
Phase 1: 110
Phase 2: 38
Phase 3: 45
Phase 4: 39
Description:A methylxanthine naturally occurring in some beverages and also used as a pharmacological agent. Caffeine's most notable pharmacological effect is as a central nervous system stimulant, increasing alertness and producing agitation. It also relaxes smooth muscle, stimulates cardiac muscle, stimulates diuresis, and appears to be useful in the treatment of some types of headache. Several cellular actions of caffeine have been observed, but it is not entirely clear how each contributes to its pharmacological profile. Among the most important are inhibition of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases, antagonism of adenosine receptors, and modulation of intracellular calcium handling. [PubChem]

Molecular Structure

2D Molecular Structure

Knowledge Graph

dtIDCIDCompound NameGene IDGene NameSpeciesPubMed IDsAction
dt100 2519 Caffeine 5142 PDE4B Homo sapiens (human) None
dt101 2519 Caffeine 747 DAGLA Homo sapiens (human) Activator
dt102 2519 Caffeine 134 ADORA1 Homo sapiens (human) Antagonist
dt103 2519 Caffeine 4907 NT5E Homo sapiens (human) 37713619 Inhibitor
dt104 2519 Caffeine 135 ADORA2A Homo sapiens (human) Antagonist
dt105 2519 Caffeine 136 ADORA2B Homo sapiens (human) 20164566 Antagonist
dt106 2519 Caffeine 140 ADORA3 Homo sapiens (human) 20164566 Antagonist
dt107 2519 Caffeine 5144 PDE4D Homo sapiens (human) Inhibitor
dt108 2519 Caffeine 5140 PDE3B Homo sapiens (human) Inhibitor
dt109 2519 Caffeine 8654 PDE5A Homo sapiens (human) Inhibitor

  • No data available

Phase Distribution
Phase Description
  • Phase 0: Exploratory trials to assess drug behavior in humans
  • Phase 1: Safety trials to determine safe dosage range
  • Phase 2: Efficacy trials to evaluate therapeutic effects
  • Phase 3: Large-scale trials to confirm efficacy and safety
  • Phase 4: Post-marketing surveillance for long-term safety and efficacy

Trial IDTitlePhaseStatusSponsorIndicationsInterventions
NCT03358706 A Study to Evaluate the Effect of Ustekinumab on Cytochrome P450 Enzyme Activities Following Induction and Maintenance Dosing in Participants With Active Crohn's Disease or Ulcerative Colitis PHASE1 TERMINATED Janssen Research & Development, LLC Crohn Disease|Ulcerative Colitis DRUG: Ustekinumab IV Infusion|DRUG: Ustekinumab S… Details
NCT02760615 Phase 4, Vedolizumab-4002 Post-marketing, Disease-Drug-Drug Interaction Study PHASE4 WITHDRAWN Takeda Colitis, Ulcerative|Crohn Disease DRUG: Caffeine|DRUG: Losartan|DRUG: Omeprazole|DR… Details
NCT05707429 Sexual Function and Quality of Life Among Patients Suffering From Inflammatory Bowel Disease(Inactive Stage) NULL COMPLETED Assiut University Sexual Function Disturbances|Inflammatory Bowel D… OTHER: The Arabic version of The International In… Details
NCT05706038 Impact of Adalimumab Withdrawal or Continuation on Severity of COVID-19 and Risk of IMID Relapse NULL COMPLETED IRCCS San Raffaele Inflammatory Bowel Diseases|Rheumatic Disorder DRUG: Adalimumab Details
NCT05687474 Baby Detect : Genomic Newborn Screening NULL COMPLETED Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liege Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia|Familial Hyperinsu… None Details
NCT05668104 Jing Si Herbal Tea for Long-Coronavirus Disease(COVID) Gut-brain Interaction NA COMPLETED Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital Healthy Subjects|COVID-19 Pneumonia|Irritable Bow… DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT: Jing Si Herbal Tea Liquid Pac… Details
NCT05643534 Study to Assess Safety and Efficacy of Tenapanor for Treatment of IBS-C in Pediatric Patients 12 to Less Than 18 Years PHASE3 RECRUITING Ardelyx Irritable Bowel Syndrome With Constipation (IBS-C) DRUG: Tenapanor 50 MG|DRUG: Tenapanor 25 mg bid|D… Details
NCT05626023 A Study of Human TH-SC01 Cell Injection for Treating Perianal Fistulas in Patients With Crohn's Disease PHASE1|PHASE2 COMPLETED Jiangsu Topcel-KH Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Perianal Fistula|Crohn's Disease DRUG: Human TH-SC01 cell injection Details
NCT05588843 Dose-finding Study of SAR443122 in Adult Participants With Ulcerative Colitis PHASE2 ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING Sanofi Colitis Ulcerative DRUG: SAR443122|DRUG: Placebo Details
NCT05584735 Determining the Relationship Between Gut Microbiota and Immune Response to Influenza or COVID-19 Vaccine NULL COMPLETED University of Wisconsin, Madison Inflammatory Bowel Diseases BIOLOGICAL: Influenza vaccine|BIOLOGICAL: COVID-1… Details
NCT05573685 Basket Study (CT-100-002) to Evaluate the Effects of a DiNaMo™ Component Training NA COMPLETED Click Therapeutics, Inc. Rheumatoid Arthritis|Diabetic Neuropathy|Fibromya… DEVICE: DiNaMo Study App|DEVICE: Placebo App Details
NCT05542355 EXL01 in the Maintenance of Steroid-induced Clinical Response/Remission in Participants With Mild to Moderate Crohn's Disease PHASE1 TERMINATED Exeliom Biosciences Crohn Disease DRUG: EXL01|DRUG: Placebo|OTHER: SoC corticostero… Details
NCT05536440 A Study to Learn About Study Medicine Called PF-07261271 in Healthy People PHASE1 COMPLETED Pfizer Healthy DRUG: PF-07261271|DRUG: Placebo Details
NCT05528510 A Study of Guselkumab Therapy in Participants With Moderately to Severely Active Ulcerative Colitis PHASE3 ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING Janssen Research & Development, LLC Colitis, Ulcerative DRUG: Guselkumab Dose 1|DRUG: Guselkumab Dose 2|D… Details
NCT07161297 Remimazolam for Colonoscopy in IBD Patients PHASE4 NOT_YET_RECRUITING Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IBD (Inflammatory Bowel Disease) DRUG: Intravenous remimazolam (5 mg initially, wi… Details
NCT05507931 Broccoli Sprouts for Mild Ulcerative Colitis NA COMPLETED University of Michigan Ulcerative Colitis|Ulcerative Colitis Chronic Mild DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT: 1 Serving of broccoli sprouts… Details
NCT05507203 ABTECT-1 - ABX464 Treatment Evaluation for Ulcerative Colitis Therapy -1 PHASE3 COMPLETED Abivax S.A. Ulcerative Colitis DRUG: ABX464|DRUG: Placebo Details
NCT07156929 Kinetics and Metabolism of Nicotinamide Provided as a Dietary Supplementation NA COMPLETED University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Respiratory Infection (for Example, Pneumonia, Br… DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT: Controlled-ileocolonic-releas… Details
NCT05466890 Phase 2a to Evaluate PL-8177 in Subjects with Active Ulcerative Colitis (UC) PHASE2 ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING Palatin Technologies, Inc Ulcerative Colitis|Ulcerative Colitis Acute|Ulcer… DRUG: PL8177 Placebo|DRUG: PL8177 Details
NCT05389709 A Pharmacy-based Observational Study to Learn More About Iberogast Advance in the Real-world Setting NULL COMPLETED Bayer Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders Such as Irr… DRUG: Iberogast (STW5-II, BAY98-7410) Details

Disease IDDisease NameDefinitionCategoryRelated DrugsMechanism
No data available

Strategy IDTherapeutic StrategySynonymsRelated DrugsMechanism
S04 T-cell homing and retention T-cell trafficking vedolizumab; anti-MAdCAM1 antibodies ; etrolizumab Inhibition of the interaction between α4β7 integrins on T c… Details
S06 Anti-fibrosis fibrosis; tissue remodelling GS-5745; STNM01 Tissue remodelling and destruction in patients with IBD is … Details
S07 Blockade of cytokine Cytokine signalling apremilast; roflumilast; filgotinib; tofacitinib; ABT494; ABT-874; ustekinumab; isankizumab; LY-2525623; AMG139; MEDI2079; guselkumab Various T-cell subsets, their differentiation pathways and … Details

Does caffeine have a double-edged sword role in inflammation and carcinogenesis…

PMID: 37072923
Year: 2023
Relationship Type: Association Score: 7.5

Caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine, also abbreviated to CAF) is a natural chemical with stimulant effects and is commonly included in many drinks and …

Association Between Caffeine Intake and Bowel Habits and Inflammatory Bowel Dis…

PMID: 40600201
Year: 2025
Relationship Type: Association Score: 6.5

BACKGROUND: The effect of caffeine in coffee, a popular beverage, on gastrointestinal symptoms has been the subject of ongoing debate worldwide. The …

Unraveling the link between plasma caffeine concentrations and inflammatory bow…

PMID: 38211690
Year: 2024
Relationship Type: Association Score: 6.5

BACKGROUND: Caffeine is believed to possess anti-inflammatory properties, yet direct population-based evidence regarding its impact on inflammatory b…

Coffee and caffeine intake reduces risk of ulcerative colitis: a case-control s…

PMID: 38073066
Year: 2024
Relationship Type: Association Score: 6.5

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Although diet is one of the potential environmental factors affecting ulcerative colitis (UC), evidence is not sufficient to draw…