| Drug ID: | Drug175 |
|---|---|
| Drug Name: | Allopurinol |
| CID: | 135401907 |
| DrugBank ID: | DB00437 |
| Modality: | Small Molecule |
| Groups: | approved |
| US Approved: | YES |
| Other Approved: | YES |
| Identifier: | NCT03101800 |
| Molecular Formula: | C5H4N4O |
| Molecular Weight: | 136.11 g/mol |
| Isomeric SMILES: | C1=NNC2=C1C(=O)NC=N2 |
| Synonyms: | allopurinol; 315-30-0; 1H-Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-ol; 4-Hydroxypyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine; Allopurinolum; 4-HPP; Alopurinol; 1H-Pyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidin-4-ol; 4-Hydroxypyrazolopyrimidine; 4-Hydroxy-1H-pyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidine |
| Phase 0: | 4 |
| Phase 1: | 36 |
| Phase 2: | 76 |
| Phase 3: | 46 |
| Phase 4: | 40 |
| Description: | A xanthine oxidase inhibitor that decreases uric acid production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms. [PubChem] |
Molecular Structure
Knowledge Graph
| dtID | CID | Compound Name | Gene ID | Gene Name | Species | PubMed IDs | Action |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| dt1276 | 135401907 | Allopurinol | 1576 | CYP3A4 | Homo sapiens (human) | None | |
| dt1277 | 135401907 | Allopurinol | 2646 | GCKR | Homo sapiens (human) | Inhibitor | |
| dt1278 | 135401907 | Allopurinol | 54657 | UGT1A4 | Homo sapiens (human) | None | |
| dt1279 | 135401907 | Allopurinol | 23040 | MYT1L | Homo sapiens (human) | None | |
| dt1280 | 135401907 | Allopurinol | 54579 | UGT1A5 | Homo sapiens (human) | None | |
| dt1281 | 135401907 | Allopurinol | 5311 | PKD2 | Homo sapiens (human) | None | |
| dt1282 | 135401907 | Allopurinol | 54659 | UGT1A3 | Homo sapiens (human) | None | |
| dt1283 | 135401907 | Allopurinol | 1557 | CYP2C19 | Homo sapiens (human) | None | |
| dt1284 | 135401907 | Allopurinol | 1565 | CYP2D6 | Homo sapiens (human) | None | |
| dt1285 | 135401907 | Allopurinol | 360158 | CYCSP5 | Homo sapiens (human) | None |
- No data available
Phase Distribution
Phase Description
- Phase 0: Exploratory trials to assess drug behavior in humans
- Phase 1: Safety trials to determine safe dosage range
- Phase 2: Efficacy trials to evaluate therapeutic effects
- Phase 3: Large-scale trials to confirm efficacy and safety
- Phase 4: Post-marketing surveillance for long-term safety and efficacy
| Trial ID | Title | Phase | Status | Sponsor | Indications | Interventions | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EUCTR2016-004112-35-SE | Low-dose azathioprine and allopurinol- versus azathioprine monotherapy in patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: An investigator-initiated, open, multicentre, parallel-arm, randomized controlled trial __A SOIBD (The Swedish Organisation for the study of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases) study __ | PHASE4 | Authorised | SOIBD (The Swedish Organisation for the study of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases) | Patients with inflammatory bowel diseae (Ulcerati… | Trade Name: Imurel Product Name: Azathioprine Pro… | Details |
| ACTRN12613001347752 | A randomized controlled trial of patients with IBD attending specialist clinics comparing de novo combination allopurinol and thiopurine versus thiopurine and placebo (ie standard practice) in terms of objective and clinical outcomes at six months | PHASE3|PHASE4 | Recruiting | Eastern Health | Inflammatory Bowel Disease; Inflammatory Bowel D… | De novo combination therapy with allopurinol 100m… | Details |
| EUCTR2013-001503-37-DK | Effect of low-dose Azathioprine and Allopurinol compared to Azathioprine on clinical outcomes in Inflammatory Bowel Disease | PHASE3 | Not Recruiting | Marianne Kiszka-Kanowitz | Inflammatory Bowel Disease, (Ulcerativ colitis, C… | Trade Name: Imurel Pharmaceutical Form: Tablet IN… | Details |
| ACTRN12612001107819 | Febuxostat-thiopurine combination therapy in patients with moderately severe inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): a pilot study of a novel drug combination that may influence thiopurine bioavailability | PHASE1 | Not Recruiting | Prof Tim Florin | inflammatory bowel disease; inflammatory bowel d… | To use the combination of febuxostat and 6-mercap… | Details |
| ACTRN12611000363987 | The Triple A (Adjunctive Allopurinol and Azathioprine) Study: Use of Ajunctive Allopurinol in Azathioprine/6-Mercaptopurine Non-responders to Optimize 6-Thioguanine Nucleotide Production and Improve Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). | PHASE3|PHASE4 | Not Recruiting | The Alfred Hospital | Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD); Inflammatory B… | Eligible IBD patients will be randomly allocated … | Details |
| NCT00849368 | Dose-effect Relationship Between Allopurinol, Azathioprine and 6-thioguanine Nucleotide Levels (6-TGN) in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients. | PHASE1 | Not recruiting | University of Zurich | Inflammatory Bowel Disease | Drug: Azathioprine / Allopurinol | Details |
| NCT03101800 | Beneficial and Harmful Effects of Azathioprine and Allopurinol Versus Standard Azathioprine Therapy for Patients With Ulcerative Colitis | PHASE3 | UNKNOWN | Hvidovre University Hospital | Colitis, Ulcerative|Colitis Ulcerative Exacerbati… | DRUG: Azathioprine and Allopurinol|DRUG: Azathiop… | Details |
| Disease ID | Disease Name | Definition | Category | Related Drugs | Mechanism | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No data available | ||||||
| Strategy ID | Therapeutic Strategy | Synonyms | Related Drugs | Mechanism | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No data available | |||||
A skewed thiopurine metabolism is a common clinical phenomenon that can be succ…
PMID: 23168376
Year: 2013
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 6.1
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: A skewed thiopurine metabolism is a phenomenon associated with both poor treatment response and toxicity. Our aim was to evaluat…
Optimising outcome on thiopurines in inflammatory bowel disease by co-prescript…
PMID: 22386736
Year: 2012
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 6.1
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Azathioprine and mercaptopurine remain first line immunomodulatory treatments for inflammatory bowel disease. Toxicity and non-r…
Two brothers with skewed thiopurine metabolism in ulcerative colitis treated su…
PMID: 22147254
Year: 2012
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 6.1
Thiopurine therapy effectively maintains remission in inflammatory bowel disease. However, many patients are unable to achieve optimum benefits from …
Allopurinol enhances the activity of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransfe…
PMID: 22132961
Year: 2011
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 6.1
Thiopurines are crucial in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. The phenotype of pivotal metabolic enzymes determines whether thioguanine nuc…
Allopurinol might improve response to azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine by corr…
PMID: 21175793
Year: 2011
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 6.1
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Allopurinol potentiates azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) by increasing 6-thioguanine nucleotide (6-TGN) metabolite concen…