| Drug ID: | Drug43 |
|---|---|
| Drug Name: | Glutamine |
| CID: | 5961 |
| DrugBank ID: | DB00130 |
| Modality: | Small Molecule |
| Groups: | approved|investigational|nutraceutical |
| US Approved: | YES |
| Other Approved: | YES |
| Identifier: | NCT03917095 |
| Molecular Formula: | C5H10N2O3 |
| Molecular Weight: | 146.14 g/mol |
| Isomeric SMILES: | C(CC(=O)N)[C@@H](C(=O)O)N |
| Synonyms: | L-glutamine; glutamine; 56-85-9; Levoglutamide; L-(+)-Glutamine; Glutamic acid amide; Cebrogen; Stimulina; glumin; Levoglutamid |
| Phase 0: | 2 |
| Phase 1: | 14 |
| Phase 2: | 31 |
| Phase 3: | 22 |
| Phase 4: | 7 |
| Description: | A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from glutamic acid and ammonia. It is the principal carrier of nitrogen in the body and is an important energy source for many cells. [PubChem] |
Molecular Structure
Knowledge Graph
| dtID | CID | Compound Name | Gene ID | Gene Name | Species | PubMed IDs | Action |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| dt393 | 5961 | Glutamine | 126 | ADH1C | Homo sapiens (human) | Agonist | |
| dt394 | 5961 | Glutamine | 3481 | IGF2 | Homo sapiens (human) | None | |
| dt395 | 5961 | Glutamine | 55 | ACP3 | Homo sapiens (human) | Agonist | |
| dt396 | 5961 | Glutamine | 323 | APBB2 | Homo sapiens (human) | Inhibitor | |
| dt397 | 5961 | Glutamine | 4790 | NFKB1 | Sus scrofa (pig) | 38154151 | Glutamine inhibits the reaction [bisphenol A results in increased expression of NFKB1 mrna] |
| dt398 | 5961 | Glutamine | 5111 | PCNA | Homo sapiens (human) | 33781819 | Glutamine deficiency inhibits the reaction [sodium arsenite results in increased expression of PCNA protein] |
| dt399 | 5961 | Glutamine | 100 | ADA | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | 31233715 | Glutamine inhibits the reaction [fructose results in increased activity of ADA protein] |
| dt400 | 5961 | Glutamine | 351 | APP | Homo sapiens (human) | 39172838 | APP protein mutant form results in decreased abundance of glutamine|pf-06840003 inhibits the reaction [APP protein mutant form results in decreased abundance of glutamine] |
| dt401 | 5961 | Glutamine | 595 | CCND1 | Homo sapiens (human) | 33781819 | Glutamine deficiency inhibits the reaction [sodium arsenite results in increased expression of CCND1 protein] |
| dt402 | 5961 | Glutamine | 1649 | DDIT3 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | 23123503 | Glutamine deficiency results in increased expression of DDIT3 mRNA |
- No data available
Phase Distribution
Phase Description
- Phase 0: Exploratory trials to assess drug behavior in humans
- Phase 1: Safety trials to determine safe dosage range
- Phase 2: Efficacy trials to evaluate therapeutic effects
- Phase 3: Large-scale trials to confirm efficacy and safety
- Phase 4: Post-marketing surveillance for long-term safety and efficacy
| Trial ID | Title | Phase | Status | Sponsor | Indications | Interventions | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT03917095 | The Safety and Efficacy of TET Enema in the Treatment of UC | None | UNKNOWN | The Second Hospital of Nanjing Medical University | Ulcerative Colitis Chronic Mild|Ulcerative Coliti… | DEVICE: The Colonic Transendoscopic enteral Tubin… | Details |
| NCT01793168 | Coordination of Rare Diseases at Sanford | Not Available | Recruiting | Sanford Health | Rare Disorders;Undiagnosed Disorders;Disorders of… | None | Details |
| JPRN-UMIN000004306 | A study of the efficacy of glutamine and prebiotics in the patients with inflammatory bowel disease - Efficacy of glutamine and prebiotics in the patients with inflammatory bowel disease | Not Available | Not Recruiting | Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University | Ulcerative colitis | Each subject will take GFO 3packs/day, thrice dai… | Details |
| Disease ID | Disease Name | Definition | Category | Related Drugs | Mechanism | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No data available | ||||||
| Strategy ID | Therapeutic Strategy | Synonyms | Related Drugs | Mechanism | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No data available | |||||
Clinical Implications of Dietary Probiotic Supplement (Associated with L-Glutam…
PMID: 38140308
Year: 2023
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 9.5
Patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) are reported to have changes in body structure, with negative impact on the course of disease. This study explo…
Dietary glycyl-glutamine supplementation ameliorates intestinal integrity, infl…
PMID: 33900316
Year: 2021
Relationship Type:
Association
Score: 9.5
During weaning transition, mammalian newborns suffer severe enteric infections and thus induced gut microbiota dysbiosis, which in turn aggravates en…
L-Glutamine and Physical Exercise Prevent Intestinal Inflammation and Oxidative…
PMID: 33128666
Year: 2021
Relationship Type:
Association
Score: 9.5
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of glutamine supplementation or exercise on gastric emptying and intestinal inflammation in rats wi…
Effects of alanyl-glutamine dipeptide on the expression of colon-inflammatory m…
PMID: 22847641
Year: 2013
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 8.1
PURPOSE: Glutamine (Gln) is a nutrient with immunomodulatory effects in metabolic stressed conditions. This study investigated the effects of Gln on …
Glutamine Attenuates Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Ulcerative Colitis by…
PMID: 40491173
Year: 2025
Relationship Type:
Association
Score: 6.5
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory condition. Glutamine (Gln) has shown an improved effect on UC. However, its molecular determinants …
Causal effects of circulating glutamine on colitis, IBD, and digestive system c…
PMID: 38911392
Year: 2024
Relationship Type:
Association
Score: 6.5
Backgrounds: There is growing evidence linking glutamine levels to the risk of gastrointestinal diseases, yet the presence of a causal relationship r…
Gut Microbiome-Generated Phenylacetylglutamine from Dietary Protein is Associat…
PMID: 37350766
Year: 2023
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 6.5
OBJECTIVES: Our aims were to better understand the interplay of diet and gut microbiota in Crohn's disease [CD], taking advantage of a new-onset trea…
Glutamine alleviates intestinal injury in a murine burn sepsis model by maintai…
PMID: 36566008
Year: 2023
Relationship Type:
Mechanism
Score: 6.5
Intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) play a sentinel role in the mucosal immune system because of their unique anatomical location in the ep…
Dietary Bioactive Peptide Alanyl-Glutamine Attenuates Dextran Sodium Sulfate-In…
PMID: 34046146
Year: 2021
Relationship Type:
Association
Score: 6.5
Health utilities relevant to children are lacking, compromising health funding and policy decisions for children. The Child Health Utility 9D (CHU9D…
Cyclooxygenase pathway mediates the inhibition of Na-glutamine co-transporter B…
PMID: 30192835
Year: 2018
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 6.3
In the mammalian intestine, glutamine assimilation by the absorptive villus cells is mediated by Na-glutamine co-transport, specifically by B0AT1. In…
l-Glutamine Attenuates DSS-Induced Colitis via Induction of MAPK Phosphatase-1
PMID: 29494494
Year: 2018
Relationship Type:
Adverse Effect
Score: 6.3
Flavonoids are phytochemicals which can regulate the activity of the intestinal immune system. In patients with chronic inflammatory bowel disease (…
The Roles of Glutamine in the Intestine and Its Implication in Intestinal Disea…
PMID: 28498331
Year: 2017
Relationship Type:
Mechanism
Score: 6.3
Glutamine, the most abundant free amino acid in the human body, is a major substrate utilized by intestinal cells. The roles of glutamine in intestin…
Glutamine-Induced Secretion of Intestinal Secretory Immunoglobulin A: A Mechani…
PMID: 27933057
Year: 2016
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 6.3
Secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) is one important line of defense in the intestinal mucosal surface to protect the intestinal epithelium from enteri…
Inducible nitric oxide regulates intestinal glutamine assimilation during chron…
PMID: 25524833
Year: 2015
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 6.3
To facilitate assimilation of glutamine, different Na-dependent glutamine absorptive pathways are present in the rabbit small intestine, specifically…
Alanyl-glutamine administration suppresses Th17 and reduces inflammatory reacti…
PMID: 23721689
Year: 2013
Relationship Type:
Association
Score: 6.1
Close association between chronic inflammation and cancer has been recently highlighted. Indeed, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been strongly …
Enteral supplement enriched with glutamine, fiber, and oligosaccharide attenuat…
PMID: 23274091
Year: 2013
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 6.1
OBJECTIVE: Ulcerative colitis is a chronic recurrent disease characterized by acute inflammation of the colonic mucosa. In Japan, a dietary supplemen…
Regulation of sodium-glutamine cotransport in villus and crypt cells by glucoco…
PMID: 22508450
Year: 2012
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 6.1
BACKGROUND: Assimilation of the preferred nutrient of enterocytes is mediated primarily by sodium (Na)-dependent cotransport (NGct) in the intestine.…
Pretreatment with alanyl-glutamine suppresses T-helper-cell-associated cytokine…
PMID: 22137260
Year: 2012
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 6.1
Resolvins of the D series are generated from docosahexaenoic acid, which are enriched in fish oils and are believed to exert beneficial roles on div…
Glutamine and whey protein improve intestinal permeability and morphology in pa…
PMID: 22038507
Year: 2012
Relationship Type:
Clinical Trial
Score: 6.1
BACKGROUND: Increased intestinal permeability (IP) has been implicated in the etiopathogenesis, disease activity and relapse of Crohn's disease (CD).…