| Drug ID: | Drug6 |
|---|---|
| Drug Name: | Melatonin |
| CID: | 896 |
| DrugBank ID: | DB01065 |
| Modality: | Small Molecule |
| Groups: | approved|nutraceutical |
| US Approved: | NO |
| Other Approved: | YES |
| Identifier: | NCT00790478 |
| Molecular Formula: | C13H16N2O2 |
| Molecular Weight: | 232.28 g/mol |
| Isomeric SMILES: | CC(=O)NCCC1=CNC2=C1C=C(C=C2)OC |
| Synonyms: | Melatonin; 73-31-4; Melatonine; Circadin; N-[2-(5-Methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]acetamide; 5-Methoxy-N-acetyltryptamine; Melatol; N-(2-(5-Methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl)acetamide; Melovine; Acetamide, N-[2-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]- |
| Phase 0: | 20 |
| Phase 1: | 47 |
| Phase 2: | 136 |
| Phase 3: | 87 |
| Phase 4: | 53 |
| Description: | Melatonin is a biogenic amine that is found in animals, plants and microbes. Aaron B. Lerner of Yale University is credited for naming the hormone and for defining its chemical structure in 1958. In mammals, melatonin is produced by the pineal gland. The pineal gland is small endocrine gland, about the size of a rice grain and shaped like a pine cone (hence the name), that is located in the center of the brain (rostro-dorsal to the superior colliculus) but outside the blood-brain barrier. The secretion of melatonin increases in darkness and decreases during exposure to light, thereby regulating the circadian rhythms of several biological functions, including the sleep-wake cycle. In particular, melatonin regulates the sleep-wake cycle by chemically causing drowsiness and lowering the body temperature. Melatonin is also implicated in the regulation of mood, learning and memory, immune activity, dreaming, fertility and reproduction. Melatonin is also an effective antioxidant. Most of the actions of melatonin are mediated through the binding and activation of melatonin receptors. Individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) may have lower than normal levels of melatonin. A 2008 study found that unaffected parents of individuals with ASD also have lower melatonin levels, and that the deficits were associated with low activity of the ASMT gene, which encodes the last enzyme of melatonin synthesis. Reduced melatonin production has also been proposed as a likely factor in the significantly higher cancer rates in night workers. |
Molecular Structure
Knowledge Graph
| dtID | CID | Compound Name | Gene ID | Gene Name | Species | PubMed IDs | Action |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| dt41 | 896 | Melatonin | 287 | ANK2 | Homo sapiens (human) | Agonist | |
| dt42 | 896 | Melatonin | 2829 | XCR1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Inhibitor | |
| dt43 | 896 | Melatonin | 291 | SLC25A4 | Homo sapiens (human) | Modulator | |
| dt44 | 896 | Melatonin | 4543 | MTNR1A | Homo sapiens (human) | Agonist | |
| dt45 | 896 | Melatonin | 3553 | IL1B | Homo sapiens (human) | None | |
| dt46 | 896 | Melatonin | 51053 | GMNN | Homo sapiens (human) | None | |
| dt47 | 896 | Melatonin | 4543 | MTNR1A | Homo sapiens (human) | None | |
| dt48 | 896 | Melatonin | 7150 | TOP1 | Homo sapiens (human) | None | |
| dt49 | 896 | Melatonin | 54205 | CYCS | Homo sapiens (human) | Melatonin is a derivative of tryptophan. it binds to melatonin receptor type 1A, which then acts on adenylate cylcase and the inhibition of a camp signal transduction pathway. melatonin not only inhibits adenylate cyclase, but it also activates phosphilpa |
- No data available
Phase Distribution
Phase Description
- Phase 0: Exploratory trials to assess drug behavior in humans
- Phase 1: Safety trials to determine safe dosage range
- Phase 2: Efficacy trials to evaluate therapeutic effects
- Phase 3: Large-scale trials to confirm efficacy and safety
- Phase 4: Post-marketing surveillance for long-term safety and efficacy
| Trial ID | Title | Phase | Status | Sponsor | Indications | Interventions | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ChiCTR2500097177 | Exploring the impact of sleep disorders on the prognosis of patients with inflammatory bowel disease and the protective effect of melatonin | Not Available | Not Recruiting | Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences | Inflammatory bowel disease; Ulcerative colotis; C… | Placebo-controlled group:The placebo control grou… | Details |
| NCT00790478 | Melatonin and Ulcerative Colitis: A Pilot Clinical Trial | PHASE2 | TERMINATED | Emory University | Ulcerative Colitis | DRUG: Melatonin|OTHER: Placebo | Details |
| Disease ID | Disease Name | Definition | Category | Related Drugs | Mechanism | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No data available | ||||||
| Strategy ID | Therapeutic Strategy | Synonyms | Related Drugs | Mechanism | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No data available | |||||
Microbial Butyrate Modified by Melatonin Alleviates Colon Inflammation by Inhib…
PMID: 40042189
Year: 2025
Relationship Type:
Mechanism
Score: 6.5
Recurrent ulcerative colitis (UC) seriously affects the quality of life of patients. Melatonin affects the alteration of the gut microbiota and can e…
Melatonin Modulates ZAP70 and CD40 Transcripts via Histone Modifications in Can…
PMID: 40005847
Year: 2025
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 6.5
Melatonin (MLT), produced by the pineal gland and other tissues, is known for its anti-inflammatory effects, particularly in regulating inflammatory …
RETRACTION: Melatonin Attenuates Apoptotic Liver Damage in Fulminant Hepatic Fa…
PMID: 38884571
Year: 2024
Relationship Type:
Association
Score: 6.5
Tunon MJ, Miguel BS, Crespo I, Jorquera F, Santamaria E, Alvarez M, Prieto J, Gonzalez-Gallego J. Melatonin attenuates apoptotic liver damage in fulm…
RETRACTION: Melatonin Attenuates Inflammation and Promotes Regeneration in Rabb…
PMID: 38884528
Year: 2024
Relationship Type:
Association
Score: 6.5
Laliena A, Miguel BS, Crespo I, Alvarez M, Gonzalez-Gallego J, Tunon MJ. Melatonin attenuates inflammation and promotes regeneration in rabbits with …
Mechanism of Action of Melatonin as a Potential Adjuvant Therapy in Inflammator…
PMID: 38674926
Year: 2024
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 6.5
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a continuum of chronic inflammatory diseases, is tightly associated with immune system dysregulation and dysbiosis,…
Therapeutic applications of melatonin in disorders related to the gastrointesti…
PMID: 38358468
Year: 2024
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 6.5
Most animals have large amounts of the special substance melatonin, which is controlled by the light/dark cycle in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Accor…
Melatonin as a Mediator of the Gut Microbiota-Host Interaction: Implications fo…
PMID: 38247459
Year: 2023
Relationship Type:
Mechanism
Score: 6.5
In recent years, the role played by melatonin on the gut microbiota has gained increasingly greater attention. Additionally, the gut microbiota has b…
Protective and therapeutic potential of melatonin against intestinal diseases: …
PMID: 37796746
Year: 2023
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 6.5
INTRODUCTION: Intestinal diseases, a leading global cause of mortality and morbidity, carry a substantial socioeconomic burden. Small and large intes…
The Microbiota-Dependent Worsening Effects of Melatonin on Gut Inflammation
PMID: 36838425
Year: 2023
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 6.5
Dysbiosis and disturbances in gut homeostasis may result in dysregulated responses, which are common in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). These cond…
Melatonin: a potential therapeutic approach for the management of primary Sjögr…
PMID: 36715831
Year: 2023
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 6.5
Primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune disease that primarily affects the exocrine glands and is mainly characterized by sicca symptoms of…
Melatonin and inflammatory bowel disease: From basic mechanisms to clinical app…
PMID: 36535545
Year: 2023
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 6.5
Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic inflammatory disease and has periods of recurrence and remission. Improper immune responses to gut flora bact…
Melatonin-Microbiome Two-Sided Interaction in Dysbiosis-Associated Conditions
PMID: 36421432
Year: 2022
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 6.5
Melatonin is a pineal indolamine, allegedly known as a circadian rhythm regulator, and an antioxidative and immunomodulatory molecule. In both experi…
Monitoring Gut Epithelium Serotonin and Melatonin Overflow Provides Spatial Map…
PMID: 36394122
Year: 2023
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 6.5
Electrochemical arrays were used to measure the overflow of serotonin (5-HT) and melatonin (MEL) from the entire colon of healthy mice and mice with …
RNA-Seq approach to investigate the effects of melatonin on bone marrow-derived…
PMID: 36265525
Year: 2022
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 6.5
Melatonin (MLT) was reported to have therapeutic effects on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) such as ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD)…
Colon targeted chitosan-melatonin nanotherapy for preclinical Inflammatory Bowe…
PMID: 35929295
Year: 2022
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 6.5
Inflammatory Bowel (IBD) is an umbrella term which includes Crohn's Disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC). At present, therapies available for man…
Melatonin mediated inhibition of EZH2-NOS2 crosstalk attenuates inflammatory bo…
PMID: 35598656
Year: 2022
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 6.5
AIMS: Inflammatory Bowel Disease is characterised by abdominal pain, diarrhoea, rectal bleeding and weight loss. Sometimes it may leads to severe hea…
Dual role of melatonin as an anti-colitis and anti-extra intestinal alterations…
PMID: 35428860
Year: 2022
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 6.5
The available ulcerative colitis drugs exhibit limited outcomes and adverse side effects. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate the therapeutic e…
Hyaluronic Acid-Melatonin Nanoparticles Improve the Dysregulated Intestinal Bar…
PMID: 35180910
Year: 2022
Relationship Type:
Association
Score: 6.5
Although the cause of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is unclear, current studies have found that the main factors involved in its pathogenesis incl…
Melatonin Mitigates Oxazolone-Induced Colitis in Microbiota-Dependent Manner
PMID: 35116024
Year: 2022
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 6.5
Levels of type 2 cytokines are elevated in the blood and intestinal tissues of ulcerative colitis (UC) patients in the active phase; this phenomenon …
Melatonin reduces inflammation in intestinal cells, organoids and intestinal ex…
PMID: 34431007
Year: 2021
Relationship Type:
Association
Score: 6.5
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are chronic and recurrent diseases that often occur in young people and place a heavy burden on public health in b…