| Drug ID: | Drug6 |
|---|---|
| Drug Name: | Melatonin |
| CID: | 896 |
| DrugBank ID: | DB01065 |
| Modality: | Small Molecule |
| Groups: | approved|nutraceutical |
| US Approved: | NO |
| Other Approved: | YES |
| Identifier: | NCT00790478 |
| Molecular Formula: | C13H16N2O2 |
| Molecular Weight: | 232.28 g/mol |
| Isomeric SMILES: | CC(=O)NCCC1=CNC2=C1C=C(C=C2)OC |
| Synonyms: | Melatonin; 73-31-4; Melatonine; Circadin; N-[2-(5-Methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]acetamide; 5-Methoxy-N-acetyltryptamine; Melatol; N-(2-(5-Methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl)acetamide; Melovine; Acetamide, N-[2-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]- |
| Phase 0: | 20 |
| Phase 1: | 47 |
| Phase 2: | 136 |
| Phase 3: | 87 |
| Phase 4: | 53 |
| Description: | Melatonin is a biogenic amine that is found in animals, plants and microbes. Aaron B. Lerner of Yale University is credited for naming the hormone and for defining its chemical structure in 1958. In mammals, melatonin is produced by the pineal gland. The pineal gland is small endocrine gland, about the size of a rice grain and shaped like a pine cone (hence the name), that is located in the center of the brain (rostro-dorsal to the superior colliculus) but outside the blood-brain barrier. The secretion of melatonin increases in darkness and decreases during exposure to light, thereby regulating the circadian rhythms of several biological functions, including the sleep-wake cycle. In particular, melatonin regulates the sleep-wake cycle by chemically causing drowsiness and lowering the body temperature. Melatonin is also implicated in the regulation of mood, learning and memory, immune activity, dreaming, fertility and reproduction. Melatonin is also an effective antioxidant. Most of the actions of melatonin are mediated through the binding and activation of melatonin receptors. Individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) may have lower than normal levels of melatonin. A 2008 study found that unaffected parents of individuals with ASD also have lower melatonin levels, and that the deficits were associated with low activity of the ASMT gene, which encodes the last enzyme of melatonin synthesis. Reduced melatonin production has also been proposed as a likely factor in the significantly higher cancer rates in night workers. |
Molecular Structure
Knowledge Graph
| dtID | CID | Compound Name | Gene ID | Gene Name | Species | PubMed IDs | Action |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| dt41 | 896 | Melatonin | 287 | ANK2 | Homo sapiens (human) | Agonist | |
| dt42 | 896 | Melatonin | 2829 | XCR1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Inhibitor | |
| dt43 | 896 | Melatonin | 291 | SLC25A4 | Homo sapiens (human) | Modulator | |
| dt44 | 896 | Melatonin | 4543 | MTNR1A | Homo sapiens (human) | Agonist | |
| dt45 | 896 | Melatonin | 3553 | IL1B | Homo sapiens (human) | None | |
| dt46 | 896 | Melatonin | 51053 | GMNN | Homo sapiens (human) | None | |
| dt47 | 896 | Melatonin | 4543 | MTNR1A | Homo sapiens (human) | None | |
| dt48 | 896 | Melatonin | 7150 | TOP1 | Homo sapiens (human) | None | |
| dt49 | 896 | Melatonin | 54205 | CYCS | Homo sapiens (human) | Melatonin is a derivative of tryptophan. it binds to melatonin receptor type 1A, which then acts on adenylate cylcase and the inhibition of a camp signal transduction pathway. melatonin not only inhibits adenylate cyclase, but it also activates phosphilpa |
- No data available
Phase Distribution
Phase Description
- Phase 0: Exploratory trials to assess drug behavior in humans
- Phase 1: Safety trials to determine safe dosage range
- Phase 2: Efficacy trials to evaluate therapeutic effects
- Phase 3: Large-scale trials to confirm efficacy and safety
- Phase 4: Post-marketing surveillance for long-term safety and efficacy
| Trial ID | Title | Phase | Status | Sponsor | Indications | Interventions | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ChiCTR2500097177 | Exploring the impact of sleep disorders on the prognosis of patients with inflammatory bowel disease and the protective effect of melatonin | Not Available | Not Recruiting | Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences | Inflammatory bowel disease; Ulcerative colotis; C… | Placebo-controlled group:The placebo control grou… | Details |
| NCT00790478 | Melatonin and Ulcerative Colitis: A Pilot Clinical Trial | PHASE2 | TERMINATED | Emory University | Ulcerative Colitis | DRUG: Melatonin|OTHER: Placebo | Details |
| Disease ID | Disease Name | Definition | Category | Related Drugs | Mechanism | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No data available | ||||||
| Strategy ID | Therapeutic Strategy | Synonyms | Related Drugs | Mechanism | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No data available | |||||
Role of Melatonin in the Inflammatory Process and its Therapeutic Potential
PMID: 29701146
Year: 2018
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 6.3
Melatonin is an indolamine synthesized and secreted by the pineal gland along with other extrapineal sources including immune system cells, the brain…
Evaluation of Melatonin Secretion and Metabolism Exponents in Patients with Ulc…
PMID: 29382152
Year: 2018
Relationship Type:
Association
Score: 6.3
Inflammatory bowel diseases, particularly ulcerative colitis (UC) and lymphocytic colitis (LC), affect many people. The role of melatonin in the path…
Melatonin alters amino acid metabolism and inflammatory responses in colitis mi…
PMID: 28929336
Year: 2017
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 6.3
Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic inflammatory dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract. This study explored the hypothesis that melatonin has…
[Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and sedative effects of melatonin: results of c…
PMID: 28777367
Year: 2017
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 6.3
A literature review of clinical trials and systematic reviews on the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of melatonin is presented. The results…
Melatonin, but not melatonin receptor agonists Neu-P11 and Neu-P67, attenuates …
PMID: 26899972
Year: 2016
Relationship Type:
Mechanism
Score: 6.3
Melatonin is known as a strong antioxidant and possesses anti-inflammatory properties. Recently, melatonin was shown to improve colitis in animal mod…
Human gastroenteropancreatic expression of melatonin and its receptors MT1 and …
PMID: 25822611
Year: 2015
Relationship Type:
Association
Score: 6.3
BACKGROUND AND AIM: The largest source of melatonin, according to animal studies, is the gastrointestinal (GI) tract but this is not yet thoroughly c…
Investigation of the effect of intracolonic melatonin gel formulation on acetic…
PMID: 25547269
Year: 2016
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 6.3
The aims of the present study were to develop a colon-specific gel formulation of melatonin with sodium alginate and to evaluate its in vitro charact…
A review of the use of melatonin in ulcerative colitis: experimental evidence a…
PMID: 24247651
Year: 2014
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 6.3
: Ulcerative colitis (UC), an inflammatory bowel disease, affects many people across the globe, and its prevalence is increasing steadily. Inflammati…
Modulation by melatonin of the pathogenesis of inflammatory autoimmune diseases
PMID: 23727938
Year: 2013
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 6.1
Melatonin is the major secretory product of the pineal gland during the night and has multiple activities including the regulation of circadian and s…
Effect of endogen-exogenous melatonin and erythropoietin on dinitrobenzene sulf…
PMID: 22151426
Year: 2013
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 6.1
Inflammatory bowel disease has been linked to elevated T cells. Excessive production of reactive oxygen species and apoptosis are known to be accompa…
Distribution, function and physiological role of melatonin in the lower gut
PMID: 22025877
Year: 2011
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 6.1
Melatonin is a hormone with endocrine, paracrine and autocrine actions. It is involved in the regulation of multiple functions, including the control…
Evaluation of melatonin effectiveness in the adjuvant treatment of ulcerative c…
PMID: 21893693
Year: 2011
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 6.1
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic disease characterized by the variable clinical picture with the inflammatory changes which can involve the whole…
[Use of melatonin in combined treatment for inflammatory bowel diseases]
PMID: 21516743
Year: 2010
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 6.1
AIM: to provide rationale for and develop treatment regimens using melatonin for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Prior to an…
Melatonin expresses powerful anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities resul…
PMID: 20676767
Year: 2011
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 6.1
INTRODUCTION: Increased free-radical production, decreased antioxidant capacity, and excessive inflammation are well-known features in the pathogenes…