| Drug ID: | Drug92 |
|---|---|
| Drug Name: | Cyclosporine |
| CID: | 5284373 |
| DrugBank ID: | DB00091 |
| Modality: | Small Molecule |
| Groups: | approved|investigational |
| US Approved: | YES |
| Other Approved: | YES |
| Identifier: | NCT05112263, , NCT05219656, , NCT00542152 |
| Molecular Formula: | C62H111N11O12 |
| Molecular Weight: | 1202.6 g/mol |
| Isomeric SMILES: | CC[C@H]1C(=O)N(CC(=O)N([C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N([C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C(=O)N([C@H](C(=O)N([C@H](C(=O)N([C@H](C(=O)N([C@H](C(=O)N1)[C@@H]([C@H](C)C/C=C/C)O)C)C(C)C)C)CC(C)C)C)CC(C)C)C)C)C)CC(C)C)C)C(C)C)CC(C)C)C)C |
| Synonyms: | cyclosporin A; Ciclosporin; cyclosporine; Cyclosporin; 59865-13-3; Sandimmune; Neoral; Cyclosporine A; Sandimmun; Ciclosporine |
| Phase 0: | 7 |
| Phase 1: | 163 |
| Phase 2: | 373 |
| Phase 3: | 184 |
| Phase 4: | 175 |
| Description: | A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. Cyclosporine is produced as a metabolite by the fungus species Cordyceps militaris. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed). |
Molecular Structure
Knowledge Graph
| dtID | CID | Compound Name | Gene ID | Gene Name | Species | PubMed IDs | Action |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| dt775 | 5284373 | cyclosporin A | 8435 | SOAT2 | Homo sapiens (human) | 25562108 | Cyclosporine results in decreased expression of SOAT2 mRNA |
| dt776 | 5284373 | cyclosporin A | 55084 | SOBP | Homo sapiens (human) | Cyclosporine results in decreased expression of SOBP mRNA | |
| dt777 | 5284373 | cyclosporin A | 8651 | SOCS1 | Homo sapiens (human) | 25562108 | Cyclosporine results in decreased expression of SOCS1 mRNA |
| dt778 | 5284373 | cyclosporin A | 8651 | SOCS1 | Homo sapiens (human) | 27989131 | Cyclosporine results in decreased methylation of SOCS1 promoter |
| dt779 | 5284373 | cyclosporin A | 445073 | socs1a | Danio rerio (zebrafish) | 25064622 | Cyclosporine affects the expression of SOCS1A mRNA |
| dt780 | 5284373 | cyclosporin A | 8835 | SOCS2 | Danio rerio (zebrafish) | 25064622 | Cyclosporine affects the expression of SOCS2 mRNA |
| dt781 | 5284373 | cyclosporin A | 8835 | SOCS2 | Homo sapiens (human) | 27989131 | Cyclosporine results in decreased expression of SOCS2 mRNA |
| dt782 | 5284373 | cyclosporin A | 8835 | SOCS2 | Homo sapiens (human) | Cyclosporine results in increased expression of SOCS2 mRNA | |
| dt783 | 5284373 | cyclosporin A | 122809 | SOCS4 | Homo sapiens (human) | 25562108 | Cyclosporine results in increased expression of SOCS4 mRNA |
| dt784 | 5284373 | cyclosporin A | 9306 | SOCS6 | Homo sapiens (human) | Cyclosporine results in increased expression of SOCS6 mRNA |
- No data available
Phase Distribution
Phase Description
- Phase 0: Exploratory trials to assess drug behavior in humans
- Phase 1: Safety trials to determine safe dosage range
- Phase 2: Efficacy trials to evaluate therapeutic effects
- Phase 3: Large-scale trials to confirm efficacy and safety
- Phase 4: Post-marketing surveillance for long-term safety and efficacy
| Trial ID | Title | Phase | Status | Sponsor | Indications | Interventions | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT07138898 | Immunosuppressant Management in Rheumatology Patients Undergoing Elective Total Shoulder Arthroplasty | PHASE2 | NOT_YET_RECRUITING | NYU Langone Health | Rheumatic Disease | DRUG: Methotrexate|DRUG: Sulfasalazine|DRUG: Hydr… | Details |
| NCT05219656 | Efficacy of Cyclosporine Rescue Therapy in Acute Ulcerative Colitis. | NULL | COMPLETED | Tampere University Hospital | Ulcerative Colitis Acute | DRUG: Cyclosporine A | Details |
| NCT05112263 | Tofacitinib Versus Cyclosporine for Steroid Refractory Acute Severe Ulcerative Colitis | NA | NOT_YET_RECRUITING | Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh | Ulcerative Colitis | DRUG: Tofacitinib|DRUG: Cyclosporine | Details |
| NCT00542152 | Study Comparing Cyclosporine With Infliximab in Steroid-refractory Severe Attacks of Ulcerative Colitis | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Groupe d'Etude Therapeutique des Affections Inflammatoires Digestives | Ulcerative Colitis|Steroid Refractory | DRUG: CYCLOSPORINE VS INFLIXIMAB | Details |
| NCT05867329 | A Trial for Acute Severe Ulcerative Colitis | PHASE4 | RECRUITING | Berinstein, Jeffrey | Ulcerative Colitis Acute | DRUG: Cyclosporine Injection (IV)|DRUG: Cyclospor… | Details |
| Disease ID | Disease Name | Definition | Category | Related Drugs | Mechanism | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.0 | Crohn's disease | An intestinal disease that involves inflammation located_in intestine. | disease of anatomical entity gastrointestinal system disease, intestinal disease, inflammatory bowel disease | Obiltoxaximab; Budesonide; Hydrocortisone acetate; Sulfasalazine; Ursodeoxycholic acid; Pegunigalsidase alfa; Imiglucerase; Bictegravir; Taliglucerase alfa; Etelcalcetide; Cimetidine; Desonide | Crohn's disease is a relapsing systemic inflammatory diseas… | Details |
| 2.0 | ulcerative colitis | A colitis that is predominantly confined to the mucosa located_in colon and includes characteristic ulcers, or open sores. | disease of anatomical entity, gastrointestinal system disease, autoimmune disease of gastrointestinal tract; intestinal disease, inflammatory bowel disease, colitis; disease, primary immunodeficiency disease, autoimmune disease, autoimmune disease of gastrointestinal tract | Mirikizumab; Olsalazine; Balsalazide; Sulfasalazine; Budesonide; Hydrocortisone acetate; Tixocortol; Kappadione; Teicoplanin; Atezolizumab; Gamolenic acid; Upadacitinib | No abstract available | Details |
| Strategy ID | Therapeutic Strategy | Synonyms | Related Drugs | Mechanism | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S01 | Anti-inflammatory | inflammatory | 5-Aminosalicylates (5-ASAs); corticosteroids | Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are the two main com… | Details |
| S02 | Immunosuppression | Classic immunosuppressive drugs | azathioprine; 6-mercaptopurine; methotrexate; ciclosporin-A; tacrolimus | Ciclosporin-A and tacrolimus bind to specific intracellular… | Details |
| S03 | Anti-TNF agents | Tumor necrosis factor | infliximab; adalimumab; golimumab; certolizumab pegol | TNF is produced by various immune and non-immune cells in t… | Details |
| S04 | T-cell homing and retention | T-cell trafficking | vedolizumab; anti-MAdCAM1 antibodies ; etrolizumab | Inhibition of the interaction between α4β7 integrins on T c… | Details |
| S05 | Angiogenesis | cell proliferation; vascular permeability | ozanimod | The bioactive lipid S1P has been shown to activate NF-κB an… | Details |
| S07 | Blockade of cytokine | Cytokine signalling | apremilast; roflumilast; filgotinib; tofacitinib; ABT494; ABT-874; ustekinumab; isankizumab; LY-2525623; AMG139; MEDI2079; guselkumab | Various T-cell subsets, their differentiation pathways and … | Details |
| S08 | Strengthening barrier function | Modulation of barrier function | phosphatidylcholine (lecithin); imiquimod; mongersen | Escherichia coli Nissle (EcN) is a nonpathogenic Gram-negat… | Details |
| S11 | Improveming Intestinal Microecology | the intestinal microbiota | antibiotics; probiotics; prebiotics; postbiotics; synbiotics; fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) | The imbalance between beneficial bacteria and harmful patho… | Details |
Cyclosporine A-Loaded Poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)…
PMID: 40445034
Year: 2025
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 10.0
This study aimed to develop cyclosporine A (CsA)-loaded mucopenetrating nanoparticles (MNP) for the safe and effective treatment of inflammatory bowe…
Evaluating the efficacy of nano-cyclosporine A in mice model of ulcerative coli…
PMID: 39873716
Year: 2025
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 10.0
Cyclosporine A is an immunosuppressive drug used in clinics to treat steroid-refractory ulcerative colitis (UC). However, due to its side effects, re…
Cyclosporine A alleviates colitis by inhibiting the formation of neutrophil ext…
PMID: 38093197
Year: 2023
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 10.0
BACKGROUND: The aberrant formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) has been implicated in ulcerative colitis (UC), a chronic recurrent intes…
Cyclosporine A-Encapsulated pH/ROS Dual-Responsive Nanoformulations for the Tar…
PMID: 37733924
Year: 2023
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 10.0
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a frequently occurring disease that seriously influences the patient's quality of life. To decrease adverse effec…
Cyclosporine A-loaded colon-targeted oral nanomicelles self-assembly by galacto…
PMID: 37336365
Year: 2023
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 10.0
An oral galactosylated carboxymethyl chitosan polymeric nanomicelles (Gal-N-CMCS NPs) embedded in chitosan-alginate hydrogel (CA-Gel) was developed t…
A topical thermosensitive hydrogel system with cyclosporine A PEG-PCL micelles …
PMID: 37060530
Year: 2023
Relationship Type:
Association
Score: 10.0
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an idiopathic, chronic, relapsing disease. In most cases, only the distal colon is affected, and the colonic stasis or fas…
Network meta-analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis of infliximab, cyclospori…
PMID: 36595876
Year: 2022
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 10.0
BACKGROUND: Assess the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of infliximab, cyclosporine and tacrolimus for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). MET…
Long-term outcomes of patients with acute severe ulcerative colitis treated wit…
PMID: 36384352
Year: 2023
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 10.0
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The early outcomes of ulcerative colitis (UC) after rescue therapy with cyclosporine A (CyA) are well known. Published data on t…
Prodrug-Based Targeting Approach for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Therapy: Mecha…
PMID: 35269813
Year: 2022
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 10.0
Therapeutics with activity specifically at the inflamed sites throughout the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) would be a major advance in our therapeutic…
A Prospective Trial with Long Term Follow-up of Patients With Severe, Steroid-R…
PMID: 35078235
Year: 2022
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 10.0
BACKGROUND: Combining vedolizumab with a rapid-onset drug such as cyclosporine is a novel combination treatment for severe steroid-resistant ulcerati…
Combining Cyclosporine With Ustekinumab in Acute Severe Ulcerative Colitis
PMID: 34007860
Year: 2021
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 10.0
We have demonstrated the effectiveness and safety of combining cyclosporine and vedolizumab to treat ulcerative colitis (UC). We present 2 cases of h…
Comparison of outcomes of cyclosporine A and infliximab for steroid-refractory …
PMID: 33783045
Year: 2021
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 10.0
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Data comparing the outcomes of cyclosporin A (CsA) and infliximab (IFX) as rescue therapy for steroid-refractory acute severe ulc…
Efficacy of infliximab, cyclosporine and tacrolimus on ulcerative colitis: A me…
PMID: 33126341
Year: 2020
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 10.0
BACKGROUND: Positioning infliximab (IFX), cyclosporine and tacrolimus (TAC) for treating ulcerative colitis (UC) is in great debate. METHODS: A liter…
Dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis and ginseng intervention altered oral ph…
PMID: 32810615
Year: 2021
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 10.0
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Application of cyclosporine A (CsA) as a rescue treatment in acute severe ulcerative colitis (UC) is limited by its n…
Amelioration of murine experimental colitis using biocompatible cyclosporine A …
PMID: 32794147
Year: 2021
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 10.0
Lipoproteins are biodegradable and biocompatible natural carriers that can be utilized for the transport of hydrophobic drugs, such as cyclosporin A …
A PepT1 mediated medicinal nano-system for targeted delivery of cyclosporine A …
PMID: 31408067
Year: 2019
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 10.0
To effectively alleviate acute severe ulcerative colitis (ASUC), we developed a colon-specific delivery system-PLGA-KPV/MMT/CS multifunctional medici…
Infliximab versus cyclosporine for severe ulcerative colitis refractory to ster…
PMID: 30313056
Year: 2018
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 10.0
BACKGROUND: Infliximab and cyclosporine are two main therapies in treating acute severe ulcerative colitis (ASUC), our objective is to assess the eff…
Targeted delivery of Cyclosporine A by polymeric nanocarriers improves the ther…
PMID: 28709903
Year: 2017
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 10.0
The therapy of inflammatory bowel diseases is still rather inefficient, and about 80% of patients require surgery at some stage. Improving the treatm…
[The efficacy of cyclosporine A as salvage therapy for severe active ulcerative…
PMID: 28355721
Year: 2017
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 10.0
Objective: To clarify the efficacy and safety of cyclosporine A (CsA) as salvage therapy in patients with severe active ulcerative colitis (UC) and r…
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: Infliximab or Cyclosporine as Rescue Thera…
PMID: 26856754
Year: 2016
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 10.0
OBJECTIVES: Acute severe steroid-refractory ulcerative colitis (UC) carries a poor prognosis and requires optimal management. A systematic review and…