ID：P2
Pathogenesis：Environmental factors
Other Terms：Low sunlight exposure; Smoking; appendectomy; intestinal infections;
Description：Environmental factors contribute to IBD pathogenesis. Smoking, appendectomy and intestinal infections have been reproducibly linked with susceptibility to IBD. It is likely that other environmental factors increase IBD risk. These environmental factors could possibly be found through the association between IBD and other diseases for which environmental factors are already known.

Related Literature

Environmental risk factors in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis: an update
📅 Publication Date: 2010-02-02
📖 Source: Gastroenterol Clin Biol
# PMID: 20117338
🔗 DOI: 10.1016/S0399-8320(09)73150-1
BACKGROUND: Although prednisone and metronidazole are commonly used to treat canine inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), no randomized-controlled trials have been performed. HYPOTH…
Low exposure to sunlight is a risk factor for Crohn's disease
📅 Publication Date: 2011-02-22
📖 Source: Aliment Pharmacol Ther
# PMID: 21332762
🔗 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2011.04601.x
Not found
Hygiene hypothesis and autoimmune diseases.
📅 Publication Date: 2025-07-23
📖 Source: Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
# PMID: 22090147
Throughout the twentieth century, there were striking increases in the incidences of many chronic inflammatory disorders in the rich developed countries. These included autoimmune…
Smokers with active Crohn's disease have a clinically relevant dysbiosis of the gastrointestinal microbiota.
📅 Publication Date: 2025-07-23
📖 Source: Inflammatory bowel diseases
# PMID: 22102318
BACKGROUND: Patients with Crohn's disease (CD) have an intestinal dysbiosis with components of the microbiota exerting differential immune effects. Smoking is associated with an i…
Crohn's disease-associated adherent-invasive Escherichia coli adhesion is enhanced by exposure to the ubiquitous dietary polysaccharide maltodextrin.
📅 Publication Date: 2025-07-23
📖 Source: PloS one
# PMID: 23251695
Crohn's disease (CD) is associated with intestinal dysbiosis evidenced by an altered microbiome forming thick biofilms on the epithelium. Additionally, adherent-invasive E. coli (…