Post-traumatic ileal stenosis: a rare entity not to be confused with Crohn's disease
Abstract
A 57-year-old woman with a history of polytrauma due to a car accident in March 2023 presented to de Emergency Room one month after this episode with subocclusive symptoms. CT scan revealed a 10cm proximal ileum segment as the reason of the subocclusion. This segment presented wall thickening, vascular engorgement, and inflammatory changes in the surrounding fat. The patient was admitted to the Surgical Department for conservative treatment, and after several days with no amelioration, intravenous corticosteroids were initiated with clinical improvement, patient was discharged on oral corticosteroids and referred to the Gastroenterology Clinic with a suspicion of Crohn's disease. However, the patient suffered two more subocclusive episodes improving with corticosteroids. After multidisciplinary discussion infliximab was finally initiated for Crohn's disease. In the weeks after this no more visits to the Emergency Room happened, but the patient continued with chronic subocclusive symptoms and weight loss. Due to diagnostic doubts and infliximab failure, surgical resection was decided. In November 2023 a 15cm medium ileal stenosis was resected. The segment was affected with both acute and chronic inflammation, mucosal ulceration covered with granulation tissue, villous atrophy, haemorrhage in the lamina propria, and architectural distortion. Final diagnosis was post-traumatic ileal stenosis. Eighteen months later no signs of recurrence have been appreciated. Small bowel obstruction after blunt abdominal trauma is a rare complication that manifests one week to several months or years after the trauma. There are no specific findings, but a prior history of blunt abdominal trauma with no previous obstructive symptoms must raise suspicion on this entity. Ulcers, transmural inflammation, fibromusculosis, and neovascularity in the submucosa, as well as siderophages and foreign body reaction in the subserosa can be found in the histopathological examination. It has been hypothesized that it maybe secondary to an inflammatory response to a localized intestinal perforation, or injury to the mesentery (whether it is localized haemorrhage, a rent in the mesentery, thrombosis of the mesenteric vessels) that leads to intestinal stenosis due to ischemic changes. It may be related to a strong compression of the intestine and its mesentery between the seatbelt and the spinal column. Treatment for this condition is resecting the stenosis.