Tissue-resident memory T (T(RM)) cells are a type of tissue-restricted memory T cells with terminal differentiation and a memory function. They exist in mucosal tissues for a long period. In the absence of disease, T(RM) cells promote essential inflammation, which reinforces the intestinal barrier and prevents bacterial translocation. However, in inflammatory or autoimmune environments, T(RM) cells are hyperactivated. This heightened activity causes the host to release excessive pro-inflammatory cytokines, resulting in local immune imbalances and damage to the barrier, ultimately leading to tissue lesions. Numbers of studies have shown that T(RM) cells play a crucial role in the development and progression of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), suggesting that targeted regulation of T(RM) cells homeostasis may be an important strategy for treating IBD. Here, we compiled the existing understanding of the role of T(RM) cells in IBD, with particular emphasis on the associated mechanisms and approaches for targeting T(RM) cells in IBD treatment. This review will serve as a foundation for a better understanding of IBD development and enhancing the effectiveness of clinical treatments for IBD.