Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gut that has caused an escalating burden on the global healthcare system in recent years. Researchers have been actively seeking innovative therapeutic strategies to combat this intractable disease. Recent advances in nanozyme technology have opened up new avenues for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for IBD. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the related works in the developments and applications of different nanozymes for IBD therapy. By overviewing the known pathogenesis of IBD and pathogenesis-guided applications of nanozymes in IBD therapy, this review highlights the opportunities for nanozyme-based strategies to address IBD via the underlying mechanisms. This review also examines the current state of nanozyme research in IBD, including the design and application of nanozymes, and discusses the challenges and future directions for this emerging field. In addition, by integrating the understanding of IBD pathogenesis with the development of nanozyme technology, this review aims to stimulate further research to uncover new opportunities for this debilitating disease.