Inflammatory fibroid polyps (IFPs) or Vanek tumors are rare benign neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract, with an unknown pathogenesis, that, despite their harmless nature, can lead to small bowel intussusception - a rare cause of intestinal obstruction in adults. In this article, we present the case of a 69-year-old man who arrived at the emergency department with vague abdominal discomfort. Imaging revealed a jejunojejunal intussusception caused by a polypoid mass, which was successfully treated through laparoscopic-assisted bowel resection. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis of IFPs. A comprehensive literature review was conducted, identifying 22 previously published cases to better understand the clinical profile and management of this rare condition. It highlights the importance of raising awareness among clinicians about this unusual disease so that it can be recognized and receive prompt surgical treatment as key factors to prevent complications and ensure full recovery.