ID：S02
Therapeutic Strategy：Immunosuppression
Synonyms：Classic immunosuppressive drugs
Related Targets：immunophilins; nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) ; RAC1 activation; VAV1; he small GTPase RAC1
Related Drugs：azathioprine; 6-mercaptopurine; methotrexate; ciclosporin-A; tacrolimus
Mechanism：Ciclosporin-A and tacrolimus bind to specific intracellular receptors (immunophilins) and act by blocking the activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) that controls cytokine gene transcription and apoptosis resistance of lymphocytes

Related Literature

Healing of severe recurrent ileitis with azathioprine therapy in patients with Crohn's disease.
📅 Publication Date: 2025-07-23
📖 Source: Gastroenterology
# PMID: 9136824
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Standard corticosteroid therapy for Crohn's ileitis induces symptom relief without improvement of endoscopically visible lesions. In this study, the effect of a…
CD28-dependent Rac1 activation is the molecular target of azathioprine in primary human CD4+ T lymphocytes.
📅 Publication Date: 2025-07-23
📖 Source: The Journal of clinical investigation
# PMID: 12697733
Azathioprine and its metabolite 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) are immunosuppressive drugs that are used in organ transplantation and autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases such as…
Infliximab, azathioprine, or combination therapy for Crohn's disease.
📅 Publication Date: 2025-07-23
📖 Source: The New England journal of medicine
# PMID: 20393175
BACKGROUND: The comparative efficacy and safety of infliximab and azathioprine therapy alone or in combination for Crohn's disease are unknown. METHODS: In this randomized, double…
Designer Thiopurine-analogues for Optimised Immunosuppression in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
📅 Publication Date: 2016-04-27
📖 Source: J Crohns Colitis
# PMID: 27112707
🔗 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw091
Colon cancer is the third most incident type of cancer worldwide. One of the most important risk factors for colon cancer development are inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), thus…
Colonic microbiota can promote rapid local improvement of murine colitis by thioguanine independently of T lymphocytes and host metabolism
📅 Publication Date: 2016-07-15
📖 Source: Gut
# PMID: 27411368
🔗 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-310874
OBJECTIVE: Histopathology is potentially an important outcome measure in UC. Multiple histological disease activity (HA) indices, including the Geboes score (GS) and modified Ri…