| Drug ID: | Drug10 |
|---|---|
| Drug Name: | Azathioprine |
| CID: | 2265 |
| DrugBank ID: | DB00993 |
| Modality: | Small Molecule |
| Groups: | approved |
| US Approved: | YES |
| Other Approved: | YES |
| Identifier: | NCT03370601, , NCT02413047, , NCT06213857, , NCT02281799, , NCT03101800, , NCT04882683, , NCT03151525, , NCT00984568, , NCT02579733, , NCT01817972 |
| Molecular Formula: | C9H7N7O2S |
| Molecular Weight: | 277.27 g/mol |
| Isomeric SMILES: | CN1C=NC(=C1SC2=NC=NC3=C2NC=N3)[N+](=O)[O-] |
| Synonyms: | azathioprine; 446-86-6; Azothioprine; Azathioprin; Azamun; Azanin; Azatioprin; Azasan; Ccucol; Imurek |
| Phase 0: | 3 |
| Phase 1: | 7 |
| Phase 2: | 38 |
| Phase 3: | 59 |
| Phase 4: | 44 |
| Description: | An immunosuppressive antimetabolite pro-drug. It is an imidazolyl derivative of 6-mercaptopurine and many of its biological effects are similar to those of the parent compound. Azathioprine is converted into 6-mercaptopurine in the body where it blocks purine metabolism and DNA synthesis. |
Molecular Structure
Knowledge Graph
| dtID | CID | Compound Name | Gene ID | Gene Name | Species | PubMed IDs | Action |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| dt80 | 2265 | Azathioprine | 5243 | ABCB1 | Homo sapiens (human) | 17262810 | ABCB1 gene polymorphism affects the susceptibility to azathioprine |
| dt81 | 2265 | Azathioprine | 8647 | ABCB11 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | 27765674 | Azathioprine results in decreased expression of ABCB11 mRNA |
| dt82 | 2265 | Azathioprine | 5244 | ABCB4 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | 27765674 | Azathioprine results in increased expression of ABCB4 mRNA |
| dt83 | 2265 | Azathioprine | 1244 | ABCC2 | Homo sapiens (human) | 22623647 | Azathioprine results in increased expression of ABCC2 mRNA |
| dt84 | 2265 | Azathioprine | 1244 | ABCC2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | 27765674 | Azathioprine results in increased expression of ABCC2 mRNA |
| dt85 | 2265 | Azathioprine | 8714 | ABCC3 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | 27765674 | Azathioprine results in increased expression of ABCC3 mRNA |
| dt86 | 2265 | Azathioprine | 10257 | ABCC4 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | 27765674 | Azathioprine results in increased expression of ABCC4 mRNA |
| dt87 | 2265 | Azathioprine | 9429 | ABCG2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | 27765674 | Azathioprine results in decreased expression of ABCG2 mRNA |
| dt88 | 2265 | Azathioprine | 64240 | ABCG5 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | 27765674 | Azathioprine results in decreased expression of ABCG5 mRNA |
| dt89 | 2265 | Azathioprine | 63874 | ABHD4 | Homo sapiens (human) | 22623647 | Azathioprine results in increased expression of ABHD4 mRNA |
- No data available
Phase Distribution
Phase Description
- Phase 0: Exploratory trials to assess drug behavior in humans
- Phase 1: Safety trials to determine safe dosage range
- Phase 2: Efficacy trials to evaluate therapeutic effects
- Phase 3: Large-scale trials to confirm efficacy and safety
- Phase 4: Post-marketing surveillance for long-term safety and efficacy
| Trial ID | Title | Phase | Status | Sponsor | Indications | Interventions | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT05584228 | Medical Treatment Versus Surgery in Stricturing Small Bowel Crohn's Disease | NA | NOT_YET_RECRUITING | Nantes University Hospital | Crohn Disease | DRUG: Azathioprine + infliximab|PROCEDURE: Intest… | Details |
| NCT05456776 | Azathioprine Linked With Impaired Intestinal Epithelial Postoperative Regeneration in Crohn's Disease | NULL | COMPLETED | Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education | Inflammatory Bowel Diseases | None | Details |
| NCT05321485 | The Effect of MedicijnWijs on Adherence to Azathioprine Therapy in Adolescents With IBD | NA | UNKNOWN | Maxima Medical Center | Inflammatory Bowel Diseases|Crohn Disease|Ulcerat… | OTHER: MedicijnWijs | Details |
| NCT07138898 | Immunosuppressant Management in Rheumatology Patients Undergoing Elective Total Shoulder Arthroplasty | PHASE2 | NOT_YET_RECRUITING | NYU Langone Health | Rheumatic Disease | DRUG: Methotrexate|DRUG: Sulfasalazine|DRUG: Hydr… | Details |
| NCT05040464 | Comparison of Azathioprine to Methotrexate in Combination Therapy With Adalimumab in Crohn's Disease: an Open-label Randomized Controlled Trial | PHASE3 | RECRUITING | Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Amiens | Crohn Disease|Azathioprine|Methotrexate | DRUG: AZA capsules|DRUG: MTX|BIOLOGICAL: blood sa… | Details |
| NCT04882683 | Clinical Study of Cord Blood Mononuclear Cells on Treatment of Hormone-resistant or Hormone-dependent Ulcerative Colitis | NA | UNKNOWN | Shandong Qilu Stem Cells Engineering Co., Ltd. | Ulcerative Colitis | DRUG: Prednisone|DRUG: Azathioprine|DRUG: Adalimu… | Details |
| NCT04761952 | N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Prevent Postoperative Recurrence of Crohn's Disease | NA | UNKNOWN | Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University | Inflammatory Bowel Diseases|Crohn Disease|Polyuns… | DRUG: azathioprine|DRUG: infliximab|DRUG: N-3 Pol… | Details |
| NCT04160325 | Effect of the Exclusive Enteral Nutrition Combined With Azathioprine for Remission of Crohn's Diseases After Surgery | NA | UNKNOWN | Zhu Weiming | Crohn Disease | DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT: postoperative 3-month exclusi… | Details |
| NCT03681652 | Post-Operative Crohn's Disease Outcome in Children | NULL | RECRUITING | Schneider Children's Medical Center, Israel | Crohn Disease | DRUG: Azathioprine|DRUG: Anti-TNF Drug | Details |
| NCT03580876 | Addition of Azathioprine in IBD Patients With Immunogenic Failure | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | Védrines, Philippe, M.D. | Clinical Failure After Switch | DRUG: addition of azathioprine|DRUG: Switch to a … | Details |
| NCT03393247 | The Therapy Effect of Azathioprine Initial or 14 Weeks After Combined With Infliximab on CD | NA | UNKNOWN | Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University | Crohn Disease | DRUG: infliximab and azathioprine combination at … | Details |
| NCT03370601 | Evaluation of the Clinical and Immunological Impact of Two Therapeutic Strategies in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases | NA | TERMINATED | University Hospital, Lille | Inflammatory Bowel Diseases | DRUG: Infliximab|DRUG: Mercaptopurine|DRUG: Azath… | Details |
| NCT03185611 | Effectiveness of Rifaximin Combined With Thiopurine on Preventing Postoperative Recurrence in Crohn's Disease | PHASE3 | UNKNOWN | Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University | Crohn Disease | DRUG: Rifaximin|DRUG: Azathioprine | Details |
| NCT03151525 | Two Therapeutic Strategies for the Maintenance of Remission in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | Istituto Clinico Humanitas | Colitis, Ulcerative | DRUG: Azathioprine|DRUG: Infliximab | Details |
| NCT03101800 | Beneficial and Harmful Effects of Azathioprine and Allopurinol Versus Standard Azathioprine Therapy for Patients With Ulcerative Colitis | PHASE3 | UNKNOWN | Hvidovre University Hospital | Colitis, Ulcerative|Colitis Ulcerative Exacerbati… | DRUG: Azathioprine and Allopurinol|DRUG: Azathiop… | Details |
| NCT02998827 | Thalidomide Results in Diminished Ovarian Reserve in Reproductive Age Female IBD Patients | NA | UNKNOWN | Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University | Crohn Disease | DRUG: Thalidomide|DRUG: infliximab, azathioprine|… | Details |
| NCT02929706 | Pre-genotype NUDT 15 R139C on Reducing Thiopurine-induced Leucopenia in Inflammatory Bowel Disease | NA | UNKNOWN | Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University | Thiopurine-induced Leukopenia | GENETIC: Pre-genotype NUDT15 and optimize azathio… | Details |
| NCT02852694 | Reduce Risk for Crohn's Disease Patients | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | PIBD-Net | Crohn's Disease | DRUG: Methotrexate|DRUG: Adalimumab|DRUG: Azathio… | Details |
| NCT02579733 | Azathioprine Based on Endoscopy After Clinical Remission in Moderate to Severe Ulcerative Colitis | PHASE4 | TERMINATED | Kyungpook National University Hospital | Ulcerative Colitis | DRUG: Azathioprine|DRUG: Placebo | Details |
| NCT02517684 | Top-down Infliximab Study in Kids With Crohn's Disease | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Erasmus Medical Center | Crohn's Disease | DRUG: Infliximab|DRUG: Prednisolone|OTHER: Exclus… | Details |
| Disease ID | Disease Name | Definition | Category | Related Drugs | Mechanism | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No data available | ||||||
| Strategy ID | Therapeutic Strategy | Synonyms | Related Drugs | Mechanism | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S02 | Immunosuppression | Classic immunosuppressive drugs | azathioprine; 6-mercaptopurine; methotrexate; ciclosporin-A; tacrolimus | Ciclosporin-A and tacrolimus bind to specific intracellular… | Details |
Long-term Safety and Efficacy of Low-dose Azathioprine and Allopurinol Cotherap…
PMID: 27271488
Year: 2016
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 6.3
Comment in Liver Transpl. 2016 Jan;22(1):12-3. Liver transplantation (LT) is the only definitive treatment for patients with end-stage liver di…
PREGNANCY, CROHN'S DISEASE AND AZATHIOPRINE: A CASE STUDY AND LITERATURE REVIEW
PMID: 27254988
Year: 2016
Relationship Type:
Association
Score: 6.3
The Impact of Azathioprine-Associated Lymphopenia on the Onset of Opportunistic…
PMID: 27214202
Year: 2016
Relationship Type:
Association
Score: 6.3
Arbutus unedo L. is an evergreen shrub with a circum-Mediterranean distribution that also reaches the Eurosiberian region in northern Iberia, Atlant…
Colonic small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma in a patient with long-standing ulc…
PMID: 27103360
Year: 2016
Relationship Type:
Association
Score: 6.3
Prospective Evaluation of Pharmacogenomics and Metabolite Measurements upon Aza…
PMID: 27082580
Year: 2016
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 6.3
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic, uncontrolled inflammation in the intestinal mucosa. Although the etiology is poorly u…
Ocular Toxoplasmosis Reactivation in a Patient With Inflammatory Bowel Disease …
PMID: 27031813
Year: 2016
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 6.3
Pure red cell aplasia due to azathioprine therapy for Crohn's disease
PMID: 26997730
Year: 2016
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 6.3
Enrichment of GWAS signals within cell-specific enhancers defines cellular subsets most associated to IBD and highlights the critical role of epigen…
Attitudes towards sun exposure in inflammatory bowel disease patients taking az…
PMID: 26907994
Year: 2017
Relationship Type:
Association
Score: 6.3
Squamous cell carcinoma arising from a presacral cyst in a patient with ulcerat…
PMID: 26857617
Year: 2016
Relationship Type:
Association
Score: 6.3
Azathioprine May Not be Associated With Development of Colorectal Tumors With M…
PMID: 26785668
Year: 2016
Relationship Type:
Association
Score: 6.3
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in a Child With Early-Onset Fistulizing Crohn Disease …
PMID: 26709910
Year: 2016
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 6.3
TPMT and ITPA genetic variants in Lithuanian inflammatory bowel disease patient…
PMID: 26674571
Year: 2016
Relationship Type:
Adverse Effect
Score: 6.3
BACKGROUND: Multiple genes have been implicated by association studies in altering inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) predisposition. Paediatric patie…
Azathioprine-induced Acute Pancreatitis in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Dis…
PMID: 26468141
Year: 2016
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 6.3
BACKGROUND: Data on the influence of rural/urban and coastal/inland environment on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are either conflicting or lackin…
The impact of glutathione S-transferase genotype and phenotype on the adverse d…
PMID: 26432087
Year: 2015
Relationship Type:
Adverse Effect
Score: 6.3
Glycomacropeptide (GMP) is a 64-amino acid (AA) glycophosphopeptide with application to the nutritional management of phenylketonuria (PKU), obesity…
Does lymphopenia or macrocytosis reflect 6-thioguanine levels in patients with …
PMID: 26425841
Year: 2016
Relationship Type:
Association
Score: 6.3
Comment in Am J Gastroenterol. 2015 Aug;110(8):1242-3. Am J Gastroenterol. 2015 Aug;110(8):1243-4. Am J Gastroenterol. 2015 Dec;110(12):1…
Impact of Genetic Polymorphisms on 6-Thioguanine Nucleotide Levels and Toxicity…
PMID: 26332308
Year: 2015
Relationship Type:
Adverse Effect
Score: 6.3
OBJECTIVES: The incidence of intensive care unit (ICU) admission is elevated in the multiple sclerosis (MS) population but the reasons for this are …
TPMT Testing Before Starting Azathioprine or Mercaptopurine: Surely Just Do It?
PMID: 26311276
Year: 2015
Relationship Type:
Association
Score: 6.3
Azathioprine-induced Sweet's syndrome: A case series and review of the literatu…
PMID: 26299606
Year: 2017
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 6.3
The clinical course of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is highly heterogeneous and often unpredictable, with multiple and serious complications tha…
The rate of mucosal healing by azathioprine therapy and prediction by artificia…
PMID: 26039001
Year: 2015
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 6.3
OBJECTIVE: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and functional abdominal pain (FAP) are associated with debilitating symptoms and frequent medical visit…
Successful Mercaptopurine Usage despite Azathioprine-Induced Pancreatitis in Pa…
PMID: 25968582
Year: 2015
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 6.3
OBJECTIVE: A significant proportion of patients with initial response to Inflximab (IFX), subsequently lose response (LOR). Multicentre paediatric …