| Drug ID: | Drug52 |
|---|---|
| Drug Name: | Iron |
| CID: | 23925 |
| DrugBank ID: | DB01592 |
| Modality: | Small Molecule |
| Groups: | approved |
| US Approved: | NO |
| Other Approved: | YES |
| Identifier: | NCT01017614, , NCT03441893 |
| Molecular Formula: | Fe |
| Molecular Weight: | 55.84 g/mol |
| Isomeric SMILES: | [Fe] |
| Synonyms: | IRON; 7439-89-6; Iron, elemental; Ferrum; Iron powder; Remko; Armco iron; Ferrovac E; Ancor B; hierro |
| Phase 0: | 4 |
| Phase 1: | 19 |
| Phase 2: | 46 |
| Phase 3: | 81 |
| Phase 4: | 92 |
| Description: | A metallic element found in certain minerals, in nearly all soils, and in mineral waters. It is an essential constituent of hemoglobin, cytochrome, and other components of respiratory enzyme systems. Its chief functions are in the transport of oxygen to tissue (hemoglobin) and in cellular oxidation mechanisms. Depletion of iron stores may result in iron-deficiency anemia. Iron is used to build up the blood in anemia. |
Molecular Structure
Knowledge Graph
| dtID | CID | Compound Name | Gene ID | Gene Name | Species | PubMed IDs | Action |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| dt472 | 23925 | Iron | 3040 | HBA2 | Homo sapiens (human) | Activator | |
| dt473 | 23925 | Iron | 7037 | TFRC | Homo sapiens (human) | 16564538 | None |
| dt474 | 23925 | Iron | 54583 | EGLN1 | Homo sapiens (human) | 16649251 | None |
| dt475 | 23925 | Iron | 55869 | HDAC8 | Homo sapiens (human) | 16681389 | Cofactor |
| dt476 | 23925 | Iron | 51327 | AHSP | Homo sapiens (human) | 16901899 | None |
| dt477 | 23925 | Iron | 2395 | FXN | Homo sapiens (human) | 16911956 | None |
| dt478 | 23925 | Iron | 2495 | FTH1 | Homo sapiens (human) | 17070541 | None |
| dt479 | 23925 | Iron | 2237 | FEN1 | Homo sapiens (human) | 20622253 | None |
| dt480 | 23925 | Iron | 79661 | NEIL1 | Homo sapiens (human) | 20622253 | None |
| dt481 | 23925 | Iron | 252969 | NEIL2 | Homo sapiens (human) | 20622253 | None |
- No data available
Phase Distribution
Phase Description
- Phase 0: Exploratory trials to assess drug behavior in humans
- Phase 1: Safety trials to determine safe dosage range
- Phase 2: Efficacy trials to evaluate therapeutic effects
- Phase 3: Large-scale trials to confirm efficacy and safety
- Phase 4: Post-marketing surveillance for long-term safety and efficacy
| Trial ID | Title | Phase | Status | Sponsor | Indications | Interventions | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT05581420 | Oral Versus Intravenous Iron in IBD Patients With Anti-inflammatory Therapy. | NA | UNKNOWN | Leiden University Medical Center | Inflammatory Bowel Diseases | DRUG: Ferrous fumarate|DRUG: MonoFer | Details |
| NCT05456932 | Predicting Response to Iron Supplementation in Patients With Active Inflammatory Bowel Disease | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | Leiden University Medical Center | Inflammatory Bowel Diseases|Iron-deficiency|Iron … | DRUG: Intravenous iron|DRUG: Ferric maltol|DRUG: … | Details |
| NCT07141238 | Microplastic Analysis in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease | NULL | RECRUITING | Medical University of Gdansk | Crohn Disease|Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Diseas… | OTHER: Environmental microplastic exposure | Details |
| NCT05225545 | Sucrosomial Iron vs. Oral Iron Sulfate for the Treatment of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis | PHASE3 | UNKNOWN | American University of Beirut Medical Center | Anemia, Iron Deficiency|Ulcerative Colitis | DRUG: Sucrosomial Iron|DRUG: Oral Iron | Details |
| NCT05176795 | Host-microbiota-environment Interactions | NULL | TERMINATED | University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand | Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis|Diabetes type1|Infl… | OTHER: Stool sample | Details |
| NCT04960826 | Study of an Environmental Risk Factor in Crohn's Disease | NULL | RECRUITING | University Hospital, Lille | Inflammatory Bowel Diseases | None | Details |
| NCT04587141 | Clinical Burden of Anemia in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Therapeutic Trial | PHASE3 | UNKNOWN | Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo di Pavia | Iron Deficiency Anemia|Inflammatory Bowel Diseases | DRUG: Sucrosomial iron|DRUG: Ferric Gluconate|DRU… | Details |
| NCT04565821 | Feasibility Study to Assess a Trans-nasal Intestinal Potential Difference Probe | NA | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | Massachusetts General Hospital | Inflammatory Disease|Permeability; Increased|Croh… | DEVICE: IPD Probe via TNIT | Details |
| NCT04318405 | Real Life Study on Iron Isomaltoside 1000 in the Treatment of ID in CKD, Heart Failure, ObGyn, IBD, Cancer and Elective Surgery (Real-CHOICE). | NULL | COMPLETED | Pierre Fabre Pharma AG | Iron-Deficiency Anemia|Iron-Deficiency | DRUG: Iron isomaltoside 1000 | Details |
| NCT07380022 | Acceptability, Adherence, and Impact on the Bioavailability of Iron and Zinc of the Dietary Supplements Goodphyte IB Defense and Goodphyte Immunity in Adults With Chronic Diseases. | NA | RECRUITING | University of Thessaly | IBD|Hypertension (HTN)|Multiple Sclerosis|Anemia|… | DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT: Dietary supplement interventi… | Details |
| NCT04123990 | Study of the Prevalence of Iron Deficiency in Patients With Chronic Inflammatory Bowel Disease | NA | UNKNOWN | VIFORFRANCE | Intestinal Disease | DIAGNOSTIC_TEST: Iron status testing | Details |
| NCT03872622 | Intestinal Response Patterns to Microbial Signals | NA | COMPLETED | Sheba Medical Center | CD - Crohn's Disease | OTHER: Blood tests, intestinal biopsies, stool sa… | Details |
| NCT03466983 | A Trial Comparing the Incidence of Hypophosphatemia in Relation to Treatment With Iron Isomaltoside and Ferric Carboxymaltose in Subjects With Iron Deficiency Anaemia Due to Inflammatory Bowel Disease | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Pharmacosmos A/S | IBD | DRUG: Iron Isomaltoside|DRUG: Ferric Carboxymalto… | Details |
| NCT03457571 | Clinical Observational Study: IBD Patients With Restless-legs-syndrome and Iron Deficiency Syndrome | NULL | COMPLETED | Charite University, Berlin, Germany | Inflammatory Bowel Diseases|Restless Legs Syndrom… | None | Details |
| NCT03376230 | Role of the Chemical Environment in the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease | NULL | TERMINATED | University Hospital, Lille | Inflammatory Bowel Diseases | OTHER: Collect of blood, urines, and intestinal b… | Details |
| NCT03282903 | The PRognostic Effect of Environmental Factors in Crohn's and Colitis | NULL | COMPLETED | University of Edinburgh | Inflammatory Bowel Diseases|Crohn Disease|Ulcerat… | None | Details |
| NCT03247816 | Feraccru® Real World Effectiveness Study in Hospital Practice ( FRESH ) | NULL | COMPLETED | Shield Therapeutics | Anemia, Iron Deficiency|Inflammatory Bowel Diseas… | None | Details |
| NCT03136419 | Microbiota and Immune microEnvironment in Pouchitis | NA | UNKNOWN | University of Padova | Pouchitis|Ulcerative Colitis|Ileal Pouch | DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT: Lactobacillus casei DG|DIETAR… | Details |
| NCT02965209 | European Novel Motorized Spiral Endoscopy Trial | NA | COMPLETED | Evangelisches Krankenhaus Düsseldorf | Disorder of Small Intestine|Gastrointestinal Hemo… | PROCEDURE: motorized spiral enteroscopy | Details |
| NCT02774057 | Trial of Captafer® vs. Oral Iron Sulfate in the Treatment of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Patients With IBD | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | American University of Beirut Medical Center | Iron Deficiency Anemia|Inflammatory Bowel Disease | DRUG: Captafer®|DRUG: Iron Sulfate | Details |
| Disease ID | Disease Name | Definition | Category | Related Drugs | Mechanism | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.0 | Crohn's disease | An intestinal disease that involves inflammation located_in intestine. | disease of anatomical entity gastrointestinal system disease, intestinal disease, inflammatory bowel disease | Obiltoxaximab; Budesonide; Hydrocortisone acetate; Sulfasalazine; Ursodeoxycholic acid; Pegunigalsidase alfa; Imiglucerase; Bictegravir; Taliglucerase alfa; Etelcalcetide; Cimetidine; Desonide | Crohn's disease is a relapsing systemic inflammatory diseas… | Details |
| 2.0 | ulcerative colitis | A colitis that is predominantly confined to the mucosa located_in colon and includes characteristic ulcers, or open sores. | disease of anatomical entity, gastrointestinal system disease, autoimmune disease of gastrointestinal tract; intestinal disease, inflammatory bowel disease, colitis; disease, primary immunodeficiency disease, autoimmune disease, autoimmune disease of gastrointestinal tract | Mirikizumab; Olsalazine; Balsalazide; Sulfasalazine; Budesonide; Hydrocortisone acetate; Tixocortol; Kappadione; Teicoplanin; Atezolizumab; Gamolenic acid; Upadacitinib | No abstract available | Details |
| Strategy ID | Therapeutic Strategy | Synonyms | Related Drugs | Mechanism | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S01 | Anti-inflammatory | inflammatory | 5-Aminosalicylates (5-ASAs); corticosteroids | Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are the two main com… | Details |
| S02 | Immunosuppression | Classic immunosuppressive drugs | azathioprine; 6-mercaptopurine; methotrexate; ciclosporin-A; tacrolimus | Ciclosporin-A and tacrolimus bind to specific intracellular… | Details |
| S03 | Anti-TNF agents | Tumor necrosis factor | infliximab; adalimumab; golimumab; certolizumab pegol | TNF is produced by various immune and non-immune cells in t… | Details |
| S04 | T-cell homing and retention | T-cell trafficking | vedolizumab; anti-MAdCAM1 antibodies ; etrolizumab | Inhibition of the interaction between α4β7 integrins on T c… | Details |
| S07 | Blockade of cytokine | Cytokine signalling | apremilast; roflumilast; filgotinib; tofacitinib; ABT494; ABT-874; ustekinumab; isankizumab; LY-2525623; AMG139; MEDI2079; guselkumab | Various T-cell subsets, their differentiation pathways and … | Details |
| S08 | Strengthening barrier function | Modulation of barrier function | phosphatidylcholine (lecithin); imiquimod; mongersen | Escherichia coli Nissle (EcN) is a nonpathogenic Gram-negat… | Details |
| S11 | Improveming Intestinal Microecology | the intestinal microbiota | antibiotics; probiotics; prebiotics; postbiotics; synbiotics; fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) | The imbalance between beneficial bacteria and harmful patho… | Details |
Click Chemistry-Based Bioconjugation of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles
PMID: 39924809
Year: 2025
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 10.0
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) exhibit unique properties for diverse biomedical applications, including drug delivery and diagno…
Lactoferrin for iron-deficiency anemia in children with inflammatory bowel dise…
PMID: 35681097
Year: 2022
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 10.0
BACKGROUND: Iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) is common in children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); however, oral iron supplements are commonly ass…
Intravenous iron: a framework for changing the management of iron deficiency
PMID: 32220343
Year: 2020
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 10.0
For decades intravenous iron was considered dangerous. Newer formulations with carbohydrate cores binding elemental iron more tightly allow complete …
Clinical and environmental impact of intestinal ultrasound for inflammatory bow…
PMID: 40698902
Year: 2025
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 9.5
OBJECTIVES: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapsing disease primarily affecting the gastrointestinal tract, comprising mainly of ulce…
A Droplet Microfluidic-Derived Pathological Microenvironment-Activated Spore Na…
PMID: 40674013
Year: 2025
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 9.5
Abnormal colonic features, such as excessive generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased epithelial oxygenation, result in the overprolifer…
Immune Microenvironment Characterization and Machine Learning-Guided Identifica…
PMID: 40661186
Year: 2025
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 9.5
BACKGROUND: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease hallmarked by dysregulated immune responses. Current treatments often sho…
Targeting macrophage glucose metabolism: Polysaccharide-iron nanozyme-mediated …
PMID: 40633358
Year: 2025
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 9.5
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic immune-mediated disorder characterized by intestinal inflammation, with frequent progression to complic…
Evaluation of Patients With Iron Deficiency Anaemia Referred via the Colorectal…
PMID: 40625469
Year: 2025
Relationship Type:
Mechanism
Score: 9.5
Background Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) is a frequent clinical presentation in both primary and secondary care and is a recognised red-flag symptom …
Propionate alleviated colitis by modulating iron homeostasis to inhibit ferropt…
PMID: 40609203
Year: 2025
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 9.5
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a relapsing inflammatory bowel disease with limited effective treatment options. Ferroptosis, characterized by lipid perox…
Iron and the Intestinal Microbiome
PMID: 40603801
Year: 2025
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 9.5
Iron in the gut is like a double-edged sword. On one side, it is essential for numerous physiological processes, including oxygen transport and energ…
Unraveling Genetic Versus Environmental Factors Determining Disease Course in I…
PMID: 40583456
Year: 2025
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 9.5
BACKGROUND: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) incidence in immigrants approximates that of the host country in progressive generations but less is kn…
Rethinking iron therapy in IBD: integrating the microbiota perspective
PMID: 40576627
Year: 2025
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 9.5
Iron deficiency and anemia are common in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), requiring effective and well-tolerated iron replacement stra…
Gene-environment interactions shape the host-microbial interface in inflammator…
PMID: 40528029
Year: 2025
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 9.5
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a complex, multifactorial inflammatory disorder of the gut characterized by an imbalance in host-microbiota inter…
Correlations between genetically predicted iron-supplement drug targets and inf…
PMID: 40527798
Year: 2025
Relationship Type:
Association
Score: 9.5
This study investigates the causal relationship between genetically proxied iron-supplement drugs and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) risk. After id…
Effectiveness and safety of intravenous iron in ulcerative colitis: A real-worl…
PMID: 40512340
Year: 2025
Relationship Type:
Association
Score: 9.5
BACKGROUND: There is lack of evidence on how disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease influences response to intravenous iron. METHODS: A singl…
Live Malassezia strains from the mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis: pa…
PMID: 40511923
Year: 2025
Relationship Type:
Association
Score: 9.5
The human gut contains a diverse range of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and fungi. Although research has predominantly focus…
Environmental enteropathy and inflammatory bowel disease are not mutually exclu…
PMID: 40484748
Year: 2025
Relationship Type:
Association
Score: 9.5
BACKGROUND: Environmental enteropathy (EE) is an asymptomatic lesion of the small intestine, likely an adaptive response to environmental noxa, inclu…
Gene-Environment Interactions in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Revie…
PMID: 40464295
Year: 2025
Relationship Type:
Clinical Trial
Score: 9.5
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Complex gene-environment interaction (GXE) for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains elusive. This systematic review aims to …
"Remodeling the intestinal immune microenvironment": immune regulation and tiss…
PMID: 40433382
Year: 2025
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 9.5
The global prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has significantly increased in recent decades. IBD is a long-term, recurring, gastrointesti…
Iron modulates barrier integrity and stem cell function of small intestine duri…
PMID: 40416374
Year: 2025
Relationship Type:
Mechanism
Score: 9.5
BACKGROUND: Ulcerative colitis (UC) brings inconvenience to many patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Although colonic pathology is widely…