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Plantamajoside alleviates DSS-induced ulcerative colitis by modulating gut microbiota, upregulating CBS, and inhibiting NF-κB
Publication Year: 2025 Source: Phytomedicine PMID: 40381501
BACKGROUND: Plantamajoside (PMS) is a natural bioactive compound derived from medicinal, food homologous plants of the genus Plantago. PURPOSE AND METHODS: This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of PMS on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) in mice and explore the associated mechanisms. RESULTS: We found that …
A novel pH-responsive berberine-loaded attapulgite microsphere for IBD therapy via the regulation of gut immunity and flora
Publication Year: 2025 Source: Int J Pharm PMID: 40381667 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.125705
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an idiopathic, lifelong, and devastating chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract. Berberine, an alkaloid extracted from the Chinese herb Huanglian, is a pharmaceutical ingredient with antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral pharmacological effects in Chinese medicine. However, direct administration of berberine requires high doses due to …
Pharmacomicrobiomics: The Role of the Gut Microbiome in Immunomodulation and Cancer Therapy
Publication Year: 2025 Source: Gastroenterology PMID: 40381958
There is a large heterogeneity among individuals in their therapeutic responses to the same drug and in the occurrence of adverse events. A key factor increasingly recognized to contribute to this variability is the gut microbiome. The gut microbiome can be regarded as a second genome, holding significant metabolic capacity. …
Low butyrate concentrations exert anti-inflammatory and high concentrations exert pro-inflammatory effects on macrophages
Publication Year: 2025 Source: J Nutr Biochem PMID: 40381959
Butyrate is a four-carbon short-chain fatty acid produced from microbial fermentation of dietary fibers present at high millimolar concentrations in the colonic lumen. However, in an intact epithelium, macrophages residing in the lamina propria are exposed to only micromolar butyrate concentrations. Current studies show anti-inflammatory properties of butyrate and suggest …
Early immune evasion in colorectal cancer: interplay between stem cells and the tumor microenvironment
Publication Year: 2025 Source: Trends Cancer PMID: 40382216
Most colorectal cancers (CRCs) are characterized by a low mutational burden and an immune-cold microenvironment, limiting the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies. While advanced tumors exhibit diverse immune evasion mechanisms, emerging evidence suggests that aspects of immune escape arise much earlier, within precancerous lesions. In this review, we …
Imaging of young-onset colorectal cancer: what the radiologist needs to know
Publication Year: 2025 Source: Abdom Radiol (NY) PMID: 40382481
Young-onset colorectal cancer (YOCRC) refers to colorectal cancer diagnosed in individuals under the age of 50. Whilst the overall incidence of colorectal cancer is decreasing, YOCRC cases are increasing and now accounts for up to 10% of all colorectal cancers. YOCRC more frequently presents with acute symptoms, where radiologists play …
Advancements and Challenges in Modeling Mechanobiology in Intestinal Host-Microbiota Interaction
Publication Year: 2025 Source: ACS Appl Mater Interfaces PMID: 40382722
The gastrointestinal tract is a dynamic biomechanical environment where physical forces, cellular processes, and microbial interactions converge to shape the gut health and disease. In this review, we examine the unique mechanical properties of the gut, including peristalsis, viscoelasticity, shear stress, and tissue stiffness, and their roles in modulating host …
The intestinal mucosa-associated microbiota in IBD-associated arthritis displays lower relative abundance of Roseburia intestinalis
Publication Year: 2025 Source: Gut Microbes PMID: 40382763 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2025.2505114
The most common extra-intestinal manifestation (EIM) of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), IBD-associated arthritis (IAA), occurs in 25-40% of patients and can be debilitating. In IBD, mucosal and stool microbiota richness is decreased, and compositional changes can precede or accompany disease onset. Likewise, spondyloarthritides are associated with altered gut microbiota, with …
Distinct perturbances in metabolic pathways associate with disease progression in inflammatory bowel disease
Publication Year: 2025 Source: J Crohns Colitis PMID: 40382782 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaf082
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) exhibit distinct shifts in circulating metabolite levels linked to disease activity and phenotype, but associations with disease progression remain unexplored. Our aim was to investigate relationships between circulating metabolites and metabolic pathways with disease progression risk in patients with IBD. METHODS: …
Structure-function relationship of the brown seaweed Undaria pinnatifida laminaran: Protein kinase C-mediated mucus secretion and gut barrier restoration
Publication Year: 2025 Source: Carbohydr Polym PMID: 40383584
Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory condition of the intestine characterized by mucosal damage and a compromised epithelial barrier. This study explored the protective and therapeutic potential of laminaran derived from the brown seaweed Undaria pinnatifida in promoting mucin secretion and restoring mucosal barrier integrity. Physicochemical analysis revealed laminaran as …
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