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Fibrosis in ulcerative colitis: mechanisms, features, and consequences of a neglected problem.
Publication Year: Unknown Source: Inflammatory bowel diseases PMID: 24892966
Chronic intestinal inflammation and impaired tissue repair leading to intestinal fibrosis are a commonly observed complication in inflammatory bowel disease. This is particularly true for small bowel Crohn's disease. However, the development of fibrosis in ulcerative colitis has remained largely unexplored. This is surprising, given knowledge about its prevalence for …
The M1 and M2 paradigm of macrophage activation: time for reassessment.
Publication Year: Unknown Source: F1000prime reports PMID: 24669294
Macrophages are endowed with a variety of receptors for lineage-determining growth factors, T helper (Th) cell cytokines, and B cell, host, and microbial products. In tissues, macrophages mature and are activated in a dynamic response to combinations of these stimuli to acquire specialized functional phenotypes. As for the lymphocyte system, …
Subcutaneous golimumab maintains clinical response in patients with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis.
Publication Year: Unknown Source: Gastroenterology PMID: 23770005
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Subcutaneous golimumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha), was evaluated as maintenance therapy in TNFalpha antagonist-naive adults with moderate-to-severe active ulcerative colitis, despite conventional therapy, who responded to golimumab induction therapy. METHODS: We performed a phase 3, double-blind trial of patients who completed …
Designing and developing a literature-derived, population-based dietary inflammatory index.
Publication Year: Unknown Source: Public health nutrition PMID: 23941862
OBJECTIVE: To design and develop a literature-derived, population-based dietary inflammatory index (DII) to compare diverse populations on the inflammatory potential of their diets. DESIGN: Peer-reviewed primary research articles published through December 2010 on the effect of diet on inflammation were screened for possible inclusion in the DII scoring algorithm. Qualifying …
Vedolizumab as induction and maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis.
Publication Year: Unknown Source: The New England journal of medicine PMID: 23964932
BACKGROUND: Gut-selective blockade of lymphocyte trafficking by vedolizumab may constitute effective treatment for ulcerative colitis. METHODS: We conducted two integrated randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of vedolizumab in patients with active disease. In the trial of induction therapy, 374 patients (cohort 1) received vedolizumab (at a dose of 300 mg) or …
Mechanisms of fibrosis: therapeutic translation for fibrotic disease.
Publication Year: Unknown Source: Nature medicine PMID: 22772564
Fibrosis is a pathological feature of most chronic inflammatory diseases. Fibrosis, or scarring, is defined by the accumulation of excess extracellular matrix components. If highly progressive, the fibrotic process eventually leads to organ malfunction and death. Fibrosis affects nearly every tissue in the body. Here we discuss how key components …
Crohn's disease-associated adherent-invasive Escherichia coli adhesion is enhanced by exposure to the ubiquitous dietary polysaccharide maltodextrin.
Publication Year: Unknown Source: PloS one PMID: 23251695
Crohn's disease (CD) is associated with intestinal dysbiosis evidenced by an altered microbiome forming thick biofilms on the epithelium. Additionally, adherent-invasive E. coli (AIEC) strains are frequently isolated from ileal lesions of CD patients indicating a potential role for these strains in disease pathogenesis. The composition and characteristics of the …
A murine model for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis showing evidence of association between diabetes and hepatocellular carcinoma.
Publication Year: Unknown Source: Medical molecular morphology PMID: 23430399
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most common cause of cancer-related deaths. In addition to hepatitis viral infections, several cohort studies have shown that diabetes mellitus is a risk factor of HCC, making the incidence alarming high. However, it has not been demonstrated directly how diabetes develops to HCC, because …
Macrophage biology in development, homeostasis and disease.
Publication Year: Unknown Source: Nature PMID: 23619691
Macrophages, the most plastic cells of the haematopoietic system, are found in all tissues and show great functional diversity. They have roles in development, homeostasis, tissue repair and immunity. Although tissue macrophages are anatomically distinct from one another, and have different transcriptional profiles and functional capabilities, they are all required …
Human fetal hepatocyte line, L-02, exhibits good liver function in vitro and in an acute liver failure model.
Publication Year: Unknown Source: Transplantation proceedings PMID: 23498809
BACKGROUND: A great many patients awaiting liver transplantation die because of the inavailability of donor livers. Liver support systems such as the bioartificial liver have been effective alternatives to ease the shortage. However, the problem with these systems is the difficulty to obtain sufficient amounts of hepatocytes with good liver …
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