Research Article Details
| Article ID: | A03339 |
| PMID: | 34036255 |
| Source: | JHEP Rep |
| Title: | Historical narrative from fatty liver in the nineteenth century to contemporary NAFLD - Reconciling the present with the past. |
| Abstract: | Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disorder worldwide. This historical narrative traces the evolution from basic descriptions of fatty liver in the nineteenth century to our contemporary understanding of NAFLD in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. A detailed historiographic review of fatty liver from 1800s onwards was performed alongside a brief review of contemporary associations. Archived published literature dating back to the 1800s describe clinicopathological features of fatty liver. In the nineteenth century, doyens of medicine associated fatty liver with alcohol, malnutrition or wasting conditions, and subsequently adiposity, unhealthy diets and sedentary lifestyle. Microscopically, fatty liver was described when 5% or more hepatocytes were distended with fat. Recommendations to reverse fatty liver included reducing consumption of fat, sugar, starchy carbohydrates and alcohol, plus increasing physical exercise. Fatty liver was associated with liver fibrosis and cirrhosis in the late 1800s, and with diabetes in the early 1900s. The diagnostic labels NAFLD and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) were introduced in the late 1900s. Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) was recently proposed to update the nosology of fatty liver, recognising the similar metabolic pathogenesis evident in individuals with typical NAFLD and those with heterogenous "secondary" co-factors including alcohol and other aetiologies. Fatty liver has emerged from being considered a disorder of nutritional extremes or alcohol excess to contemporary recognition as a complex metabolic disorder that risks progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The increasing prevalence of NAFLD and our growing understanding of its lifestyle and metabolic determinants justify the current exercise of re-examining the evolution of this common metabolic disorder. |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.jhepr.2021.100261 |
| Strategy ID | Therapy Strategy | Synonyms | Therapy Targets | Therapy Drugs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S08 | Lifestyle measures | Lifestyle intervention; weight loss; diet adaptation; dietary interventions; lifestyle modifications; Exercise | -- | -- | Details |
| S03 | Anti-fibrosis | fibrosis | Angiotensin Receptor Blocker (ARB); CCR2/CCR5 antagonist; Thyroid receptor β agonist; PEGylated human FGF21 analogue; Monoclonal antibody to lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2); Galectin-3 inhibitor; FGF19 variant | Losartan; Cenicriviroc; VK-2809; MGL-3196; Pegbelfermin; Simtuzumab; GR-MD-02; NGM282 | Details |
| Target ID | Target Name | GENE | Action | Class | UniProtKB ID | Entry Name |
|---|
| Diseases ID | DO ID | Disease Name | Definition | Class | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I05 | 9352 | Type 2 diabetes mellitus | A diabetes that is characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. A diabetes mellitus that is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes_mellitus_type_2 | disease of metabolism/inherited metabolic disorder/ carbohydrate metabolic disorder/glucose metabolism disease/diabetes/ diabetes mellitus | Details |
| I14 | 9970 | Obesity | An overnutrition that is characterized by excess body fat, traditionally defined as an elevated ratio of weight to height (specifically 30 kilograms per meter squared), has_material_basis_in a multifactorial etiology related to excess nutrition intake, decreased caloric utilization, and genetic susceptibility, and possibly medications and certain disorders of metabolism, endocrine function, and mental illness. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obesity | disease of metabolism/acquired metabolic disease/ nutrition disease/overnutrition | Details |