Repositioning Candidate Details
| Candidate ID: | R1237 |
| Source ID: | DB09166 |
| Source Type: | experimental |
| Compound Type: | small molecule |
| Compound Name: | Etizolam |
| Synonyms: | 4-(o-Chlorophenyl)-2-ethyl-9-methyl-6H-thieno(3,2-f)-s-triazolo(4,3-a)(1,4)diazepine; Etizolam |
| Molecular Formula: | C17H15ClN4S |
| SMILES: | CCC1=CC2=C(S1)N1C(C)=NN=C1CN=C2C1=CC=CC=C1Cl |
| Structure: |
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| DrugBank Description: | Etizolam is a thienodiazepine which is chemically related to benzodiazepine (BDZ) drug class; it differs from BDZs in having a benzene ring replaced with a thiophene ring. It is an agonist at GABA-A receptors and possesses amnesic, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, hypnotic, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. Initially introduced in 1983 in Japan as treatment for neurological conditions such as anxiety and sleep disorders, etizolam is marketed in Japan, Italy and India. It is not approved for use by FDA in the US; however it remains unscheduled in several states and is legal for research purposes. |
| CAS Number: | 40054-69-1 |
| Molecular Weight: | 342.846 |
| DrugBank Indication: | Indicated for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder with depression, panic disorder and insomnia. |
| DrugBank Pharmacology: | Etizolam is a CNS depressant with anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative-hypnotic and muscle relaxant effects. It acts on the benzodiazepine site of the GABA-A receptor as an agonist to increase inhibitory GABAergic transmission throughout the central nervous system. Studies indicate that etizolam mediates its pharmacological actions with 6 to 10 times more potency than that of diazepam. Clinical human studies performed in Italy showed clinical effectiveness of etizolam in relieving symptoms in patients with generalized anxiety disorders with depressive symptoms . Etizolam also mediates imipramine-like neuropharmacological and behavioral effects, as well as minor effects on cognitive functioning. It is shown to substitute the actions of a short-acting barbiturate, pentobarbitol, in a drug discrimination study . Etizolam is an antagonist at platelet-activating-factor (PAF) receptor and attenuates the recurrence of chronic subdural hematoma after neurosurgery in clinical studies . It is shown to inhibit PAF-induced bronchoconstriction and hypotension . |
| DrugBank MoA: | Etizolam is selectively a full agonist at GABA-A receptors to increase GABAergic transmission and enhance GABA-induced Cl- currents . It is reported to bind to the benzodiazepine binding site which is located across the interface between the alpha and gamma subunits. Benzodiazapines are reported to only bind to receptors that contain gamma 2 and alpha 1/2/3/5 subunits . Alpha-1-containing receptors mediate the sedative effects of etizolam whereas alpha-2 and alpha-3 subunit-containing receptors mediate the anxiolytic effect . Etizolam shows high potency and affinity towards GABA-A receptor with alpha 1 beta 2 gamma 2S subunit combination . By binding to the regulatory site of the receptor, etizolam potentiates GABA transmission by facilitating the opening of GABA-induced chloride channels . Etizolam is a specific antagonist at PAFR. It inhibits PAF-induced platelet aggregation by inhibiting PAF binding to the receptors located on the surface of platelets with an IC50 of 22nM . |
| Targets: | Platelet-activating factor receptor antagonist; GABA(A) Receptor positive allosteric modulator; GABA(A) Receptor Benzodiazepine Binding Site ligand |
| Inclusion Criteria: | Therapeutic strategy associated |
| Strategy ID | Strategy | Synonyms | Related Targets | Related Drugs |
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