Repositioning Candidate Details

Candidate ID: R1389
Source ID: DB11660
Source Type: approved; investigational
Compound Type: small molecule
Compound Name: Latanoprostene bunod
Synonyms: Latanoprostene bunod
Molecular Formula: C27H41NO8
SMILES: O[C@H](CC[C@H]1[C@H](O)C[C@H](O)[C@@H]1C\C=C/CCCC(=O)OCCCCO[N+]([O-])=O)CCC1=CC=CC=C1
Structure:
DrugBank Description: Latanoprostene Bunod has been used in trials studying the treatment of Glaucoma, Ocular Hypertension, Open-Angle Glaucoma, Open Angle Glaucoma, and Intraocular Pressure. As of November 2, 2017 the FDA approved Bausch + Lomb's Vyzulta (latanoprostene bunod opthalmic solution), 0.024% for the indication of reducing intraocular pressure in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Latanoprostene bunod is the first prostaglandin analog with one of its metabolites being nitric oxide (NO). The novelty of this agent subsequently lies in the proposed dual mechanism of action that stems from both its prostaglandin F2-alpha analog latanoprost acid metabolite and its ability to donate NO for proposed tissue/cell relaxation effects. In comparison, both latanoprost and latanoprostene bunod contain a latanoprost acid backbone. Conversely however, latanoprostene bunod integrates an NO-donating moiety in lieu of the isopropyl ester typically found in latanoprost.
CAS Number: 860005-21-6
Molecular Weight: 507.624
DrugBank Indication: Latanoprostene bunod opthalmic solution is indicated for the reduction of intraocular pressure in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension .
DrugBank Pharmacology: Upon applying an appropriate dose of latanoprost bunod, reduction in intraocular pressure begins approximately 1 to 3 hours later with a maximum intraocular pressure reduction effect demonstrated after 11 to 13 hours .
DrugBank MoA: Open-angle glaucoma (OAG) is a medical condition that is associated with progressive visual field damage and the loss of vision . Occular hypertension (OHT) is considered a key risk factor for OAG and reducing intraocular pressure (IOP) and being able to maintain unique and appropriate target IOPs for various different patients having OHT can delay or prevent the onset of primary OAG or slow the disease progression of established glaucoma . Ordinary physiological IOP results from aqueous humor produced by the ocular ciliary body and its outflow through a) the trabecular meshwork (TM) and Schlemm's canal (SC) in what is called the conventional pathway, and b) the uveoscleral pathway via the ciliary muscle/choroid/sclera in what is refered to as the unconventional pathway . In patients with OHT or OAG there is increased resistance to aqueous humor outflow by way of the TM/SC pathway, which causes increased IOP. This increase in IOP is believed to be the cause of mechanical stress on the posterior structures of the eye which can result in the dysfunction of optic nerve fibers and the destruction of retinal ganglion cells - all of which ultimately contributes to vision loss . As there is no cure for glaucoma, therapeutic management is predominantly focused on minimizing disease progression and clinical sequelae via the reduction and maintainenance of appropriate target IOPs . Subsequently, latanoprostene bunod is thought to lower intraocular pressure via a dual mechanism of action since the medication is metabolized into two relevant moieties upon administration: (1) latanoprost acid, and (2) butanediol mononitrate . As a prostaglandin F2-alpha analog , the latanoprost acid moiety operates as a selective PGF2-alpha (FP) receptor agonist . Since FP receptors occur in the ciliary muscle, ciliary epithelium, and sclera the latanoprost acid moiety primarily acts in the uveoscleral pathway where it increases the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) like MMP-1, -3, and -9 which promote the degradation of collagen types I, III, and IV in the longitudinal bundles of the ciliary musicle and surrounding sclera . The resultant extracellular matrix remodeling of the ciliary muscle consequently produces reduced outflow resistance via increased permeability and increased aqueous humor outflow through the uveoscleral route . Conversely, the butanediol mononitrate undergoes further metabolism to NO and an inactive 1,4-butanediol moiety. As a gas that can freely diffuse across plasma membranes, it is proposed that the relaxing effect of NO to induce reductions in the cell volume and contractility of vascular smooth muscle like cells is dependant upon activation of the sGC/cGMP/PKG cascade pathway. NO released from butanediol mononitrate consequently enters the cells of the TM and inner wall of SC, causing decreases in myosin light chain-2 phosphorylation, increased phosphorylation of large-conductance calcium-activated potassium (BKCa) channels, and a subsequent efflux of potassium ions through such BKCa channels. All of these changes serve to decrease the cell contractility and volume, as well as to rearrange the actin cytoskeleton of the TM and SC cells. These biomechanical changes ultimately allow for enhanced conventional outflow of aqueous humor .
Targets: Prostaglandin F2-alpha receptor agonist
Inclusion Criteria: Indication associated

Strategy ID Strategy Synonyms Related Targets Related Drugs

Target ID Target Name GENE Action Class UniProtKB ID Entry Name

Diseases ID DO ID Disease Name Definition Class
I12 10763 Hypertension An artery disease characterized by chronic elevated blood pressure in the arteries. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertension, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24352797 disease of anatomical entity/ cardiovascular system disease/vascular disease/ artery disease Details