Repositioning Candidate Details
| Candidate ID: | R1498 |
| Source ID: | DB13891 |
| Source Type: | approved; experimental |
| Compound Type: | biotech |
| Compound Name: | Crotalus scutulatus antivenin |
| Synonyms: | Crotalus scutulatus immune fab antivenin (ovine) |
| Molecular Formula: | -- |
| SMILES: | -- |
| DrugBank Description: | Crotalus scutulatus antivenin is derived and purified immunoglobulin fragments obtained from other domestic animals such as sheep previously immunized with Crotalus scutulatus (also known as the _Mojave rattlesnake_ ). The final purified antivenin product is obtained by mixing other different monospecific snake antivenins and isolating the antivenin of interest through fractionation and chromatography techniques. It is intravenously administered to limit systemic toxicity , , . CROFAB (crotalidae polyvalent immune fab (ovine))is a sheep-derived antivenin used for the management of adult and pediatric patients with North American crotalid envenomation , which includes the Crotalus scutulatus snake (Mojave snake). Mojave rattlesnakes inhabit desert areas of the southwestern United States and central Mexico. Specimens with type A venom, which cause a different pattern of injury than other rattlesnakes, have been reported in southern California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, Texas, and New Mexico . Since it was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in October 2000, crotalidae poyvalent immune Fab (CroFab) has largely replaced previously used crotaline antivenom. CroFab is more specifically tailored for crotalids of North America and is less allergenic than whole immunoglobulin antivenoms . |
| CAS Number: | -- |
| Molecular Weight: | |
| DrugBank Indication: | CROFAB is indicated for the management of adult and pediatric patients with North American crotalid envenomation. The term crotalid is used to describe the Crotalinae subfamily (formerly known as Crotalidae) of venomous snakes which includes rattlesnakes, copperheads and cottonmouths/water moccasins . |
| DrugBank Pharmacology: | Acts as an antivenin, relieving symptoms of envenomation from Crotalinae family of snakes, and preventing lethal consequences of snake evenomation . The Crotalidae family produces venoms which are generally necrolytic and hemolyzing to tissues. Hemorrhagins in crotalid venom is toxic to the blood vessels and therefore cause hemorrhage and edema at the wound site, in addition to systemic hemorrhage and shock. Significant anemia is observed due to hemolysis and extravasation of blood due to damaged vessels. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) has been observed in some cases. The most frequent initial clinical pathological changes include echinocytosis, thrombocytopenia, leukocytosis and prolonged activated clotting time. In general, edema and erythema along with fang marks (_Crotalidae _family) may be seen at the site of bite although it is tough to identify due to thick hair coat in animals . Patients sustaining rattlesnake envenomation often develop thrombocytopenia, the etiology of which is not clear. It has been shown thatCrotaline Fab antivenom improved platelet aggregation in an in vitro model of platelet dysfunction induced by venom from C. scutulatus . |
| DrugBank MoA: | CROFAB is a venom-specific Fab fragment of immunoglobulin G (IgG) that works by binding and neutralizing venom toxins, facilitating their redistribution away from target tissues and their elimination from the body |
| Targets: | -- |
| Inclusion Criteria: | Therapeutic strategy associated |
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