Repositioning Candidate Details
| Candidate ID: | R0358 |
| Source ID: | DB00994 |
| Source Type: | approved; vet_approved |
| Compound Type: | small molecule |
| Compound Name: | Neomycin |
| Synonyms: | Fradiomycin; Kaomycine; Neomycin; Vonamycin |
| Molecular Formula: | -- |
| SMILES: | -- |
| DrugBank Description: | Neomycin is a broad-spectrum aminoglycoside antibiotic drug that is derived from the metabolic products of _Streptomyces fradiae_. Neomycin is a complex comprised of three components, neomycin A, B, and C. Neomycin B, also known as , is the most active component of the complex and neomycin C is the isomer of neomycin B, making these two stereoisomers the active components of neomycin. Neomycin A, or , is a moiety that conjoins two molecules of neomycin B and C together. Neomycin is active against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms and mediates its pharmacological action by binding to bacterial ribosomes and inhibiting protein synthesis, which is crucial for the survival of bacteria. Neomycin sulfate is the most common form for pharmaceutical preparations; because the compound is a complex, the amount of neomycin in products is measured in units. Neomycin sulfate as monotherapy is available in an oral solution for adjunct use in the treatment of hepatic coma. It is also used in combination with sulfates and in otic suspensions for use in the treatment of bacterial infections in the external auditory canal, including infections caused by medical procedures in the ear. Neomycin is also used in combination with sulfates and in ophthalmic preparations for use in the treatment of inflammatory conditions and infections in the eye. Neomycin is also available in over-the-counter topical products to prevent minor skin infections. |
| CAS Number: | 1404-04-2 |
| Molecular Weight: | |
| DrugBank Indication: | Oral neomycin sulfate is indicated as an adjunctive therapy in hepatic coma (portal-system encephalopathy) by reducing ammonia-forming bacteria in the intestinal tract. It is strongly recommended that oral neomycin is only used in infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by susceptible bacteria to reduce the risk of the development of drug-resistant bacteria. Neomycin, in combination with polymyxin B sulfates and hydrocortisone in otic suspensions, is used in the treatment of superficial bacterial infections of the external auditory canal caused by organisms susceptible to the antibiotics. This otic formulation is also used in the treatment of infections of mastoidectomy and fenestration cavities caused by organisms susceptible to the antibiotics. The ophthalmic solution containing neomycin in combination with polymyxin B sulfates and dexamethasone is used to treat steroid-responsive inflammatory ocular conditions for which a corticosteroid is indicated and where bacterial infection or a risk of bacterial infection exists. |
| DrugBank Pharmacology: | Neomycin mediates its bactericidal action by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis, thereby suppressing the growth and survival of susceptible bacteria. Following oral administration, the duration of bactericidal activity of neomycin ranged from 48 to 72 hours. By decreasing colonic bacteria that produce ammonia, neomycin was shown to be effective as an adjunctive therapy in hepatic coma to improve neurologic symptoms. Neomycin is active against both gram positive and gram negative organisms, including the major _E. coli_ species resident in the colon as well as the enteropathogenic forms of _E. coli_. It is also active against _Klebsiella_-_Enterobacter_ group. Resistant strains of _E. coli_, _Klebsiella_ and _Proteus spp_. may emerge from neomycin therapy. Neomycin has no antifungal activity and has some activity against some protozoa. |
| DrugBank MoA: | Like other aminoglycoside antibiotic drugs, neomycin inhibits bacterial ribosomes by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit of susceptible bacteria and disrupting the translational machinery of bacterial protein synthesis. Bacterial translation is normally initiated by the mRNA binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit and subsequent binding with 50S subunit for elongation. |
| Targets: | 30S ribosomal protein S12 inhibitor; 16S ribosomal RNA inhibitor; Extracellular calcium-sensing receptor |
| Inclusion Criteria: | Indication associated |
| Strategy ID | Strategy | Synonyms | Related Targets | Related Drugs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S05 | Anti-inflammatory | inflammatory | Bile acid; TNF-a inhibitor; Dual PPAR-α and -δ agonists; Toll-Like Receptor; (TLR)-4 antagonist; Caspase inhibitor; ASK-1 inhibitor | Ursodeoxycholic Acid; Pentoxifylline; Elafibranor; JKB-121; Emricasan; Selonsertib; | Details |
| Diseases ID | DO ID | Disease Name | Definition | Class |
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