Repositioning Candidate Details
| Candidate ID: | R0360 |
| Source ID: | DB00996 |
| Source Type: | approved; investigational |
| Compound Type: | small molecule |
| Compound Name: | Gabapentin |
| Synonyms: | 1-(Aminomethyl)cyclohexaneacetic acid; Gabapentin |
| Molecular Formula: | C9H17NO2 |
| SMILES: | NCC1(CC(O)=O)CCCCC1 |
| Structure: |
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| DrugBank Description: | Gabapentin is a structural analogue of the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid () that was first approved for use in the United States in 1993. It was originally developed as a novel anti-epileptic for the treatment of certain types of seizures - today it is also widely used to treat neuropathic pain. Gabapentin has some stark advantages as compared with other anti-epileptics, such as a relatively benign adverse effect profile, wide therapeutic index, and lack of appreciable metabolism making it unlikely to participate in pharmacokinetic drug interactions.. It is structurally and functionally related to another GABA derivative, . |
| CAS Number: | 60142-96-3 |
| Molecular Weight: | 171.2368 |
| DrugBank Indication: | In the United States, gabapentin is officially indicated for the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia in adults and for the adjunctive treatment of partial-onset seizures, with or without secondary generalization, in patients 3 years of age and older. In Europe, gabapentin is indicated for adjunctive therapy in the treatment of partial-onset seizures, with or without secondary generalization, in patients 6 years of age and older and as monotherapy in patients 12 years of age and older. It is also used in adults for the treatment of various types of peripheral neuropathic pain, such as painful diabetic neuropathy. |
| DrugBank Pharmacology: | Gabapentin is an anti-convulsant medication that inhibits the release of excitatory neurotransmitters, allowing for its use against pathologic neurotransmission such as that seen in neuropathic pain and seizure disorders. It has a wide therapeutic index, with doses in excess of 8000 mg/kg failing to cause a fatal reaction in rats. Gabapentin is ineffective in absence seizures and should be used in caution in patients with mixed seizure disorders involving absence seizures. Gabapentin has been associated with drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), otherwise known as multi-organ hypersensitivity. This reaction can prove fatal and early symptoms such as fever, lymphadenopathy, and rash should be promptly investigated. |
| DrugBank MoA: | The precise mechanism through which gabapentin exerts its therapeutic effects is unclear. The primary mode of action appears to be at the auxillary α2δ-1 subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels (though a low affinity for the α2δ-2 subunit has also been reported). The major function of these subunits is to facilitate the movement of pore-forming α1 subunits of calcium channels from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cell membrane of pre-synaptic neurons. There is evidence that chronic pain states can cause an increase in the expression of α2δ subunits and that these changes correlate with hyperalgesia. Gabapentin appears to inhibit the action of α2δ-1 subunits, thus decreasing the density of pre-synaptic voltage-gated calcium channels and subsequent release of excitatory neurotransmitters. It is likely that this inhibition is also responsible for the anti-epileptic action of gabapentin. There is some evidence that gabapentin also acts on adenosine receptors and voltage-gated potassium channels, though the clinical relevance of its action at these sites is unclear. |
| Targets: | Voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-1 inhibitor; Voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-2 inhibitor; Voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel inhibitor; Adenosine receptor A1 agonist; Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 3 activator; Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 5 activator |
| Inclusion Criteria: | Indication associated |
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