Investigational Drug Details
| Drug ID: | D008 |
| Drug Name: | Alpha-tocopherol |
| Synonyms: | (+)-α-tocopherol; (2R,4'R,8'R)-α-tocopherol; (R,R,R)-α-tocopherol; 5,7,8-trimethyltocol; alpha-tocopherol; d-α-tocopherol |
| Type: | Chemical drug |
| DrugBank ID: | DB00163 |
| DrugBank Description: | In 1922, vitamin E was demonstrated to be an essential nutrient. Vitamin E is a term used to describe 8 different fat soluble tocopherols and tocotrienols, alpha-tocopherol being the most biologically active. Vitamin E acts as an antioxidant, protecting cell membranes from oxidative damage. The antioxidant effects are currently being researched for use in the treatment of diseases causing bone loss, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus and associated comorbidities, eye diseases, inflammatory diseases (including skin conditions), lipid disorders, neurological diseases, and radiation damage. Though this research is so far inconclusive, vitamin E remains a popular supplement and is generally considered safe by the FDA. |
| PubChem ID: | 14985 |
| CasNo: | 59-02-9 |
| Repositioning for NAFLD: | Yes |
| SMILES: | Cc1c2c(CC[C@](O2)(CCC[C@@H](CCC[C@@H](CCCC(C)C)C)C)C)c(c(c1C)O)C |
| Structure: |
|
| InChiKey: | GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-IEOSBIPESA-N |
| Molecular Weight: | 430.717 |
| DrugBank Targets: | Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2; Protein kinase C beta type; Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase; Protein kinase C alpha type; Diacylglycerol kinase alpha; Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit beta isoform; Serine/threonine-prot |
| DrugBank MoA: | The mechanism of action for most of vitamin E's effects are still unknown. Vitamin E is an antioxidant, preventing free radical reactions with cell membranes. Though in some cases vitamin E has been shown to have pro-oxidant activity. One mechanism of vitamin E's antioxidant effect is in the termination of lipid peroxidation. Vitamin E reacts with unstable lipid radicals, producing stable lipids and a relatively stable vitamin E radical. The vitamin E radical is then reduced back to stable vitamin E by reaction with ascorbate or glutathione. |
| DrugBank Pharmacology: | Vitamin E is a collective term used to describe 8 separate fat soluble antioxidants, most commonly alpha-tocopherol. Vitamin E acts to protect cells against the effects of free radicals, which are potentially damaging by-products of the body's metabolism. Vitamin E deficiency is seen in persons with abetalipoproteinemia, premature, very low birth weight infants (birth weights less than 1500 grams, or 3½ pounds), cystic fibrosis, and cholestasis and severe liver disease. Preliminary research suggests vitamin E may help prevent or delay coronary heart disease and protect against the damaging effects of free radicals, which may contribute to the development of chronic diseases such as cancer. It also protects other fat-soluble vitamins (A and B group vitamins) from destruction by oxygen. Low levels of vitamin E have been linked to increased incidence of breast and colon cancer. |
| DrugBank Indication: | Vitamin E supplementation is indicated for treatment of vitamin E deficiency which can occur in cystic fibrosis, cholestasis and severe liver disease, abetalipoproteinemia or simply poor diet. |
| Targets: | NR1I2; ALOX5; DGKA |
| Therapeutic Category: | -- |
| Clinical Trial Progress: | Phase 2 on-going (SLCTR/2019/038) |
| Latest Progress: | Under clinical trials |
| Trial ID | Source ID | Phases | Status | Study Results | Start Date | Last Update Posted | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| L0097 | NCT04801849 | Phase 2 | Not yet recruiting | No Results Available | March 2022 | February 14, 2022 | Details |
| L0725 | SLCTR/2019/038 | Phase 2 | Not Recruiting | No Results Available | 16/10/2019 | 7 February 2022 | Details |
| Strategy ID | Strategy | Synonyms | Related Targets | Related Drugs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S03 | Anti-fibrosis | fibrosis | Angiotensin Receptor Blocker (ARB); CCR2/CCR5 antagonist; Thyroid receptor β agonist; PEGylated human FGF21 analogue; Monoclonal antibody to lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2); Galectin-3 inhibitor; FGF19 variant | Losartan; Cenicriviroc; VK-2809; MGL-3196; Pegbelfermin; Simtuzumab; GR-MD-02; NGM282 | Details |
| S05 | Anti-inflammatory | inflammatory | Bile acid; TNF-a inhibitor; Dual PPAR-α and -δ agonists; Toll-Like Receptor; (TLR)-4 antagonist; Caspase inhibitor; ASK-1 inhibitor | Ursodeoxycholic Acid; Pentoxifylline; Elafibranor; JKB-121; Emricasan; Selonsertib; | Details |
| Article ID | PMID | Source | Title | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A03173 | 34101924 | Biofactors | alpha-Tocopherol supplementation reduces inflammation and apoptosis in high cholesterol mediated nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. | Details |
| A03254 | 34069568 | Nutrients | Dynamics of Serum Retinol and Alpha-Tocopherol Levels According to Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Status. | Details |
| A06129 | 32995080 | PeerJ | Association between serum and dietary antioxidant micronutrients and advanced liver fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: an observational study. | Details |
| A07242 | 32570937 | Nutrients | Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Steatosis: Preclinical Study of a New Nutraceutical Multitarget Formulation. | Details |
| A09605 | 31677710 | Clin Nutr ESPEN | The relationship between dietary antioxidant intake and physical activity rate with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): A case - Control study. | Details |
| A09680 | 31651429 | AIDS | Vitamin E is an effective treatment for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in HIV mono-infected patients. | Details |
| A12303 | 30508576 | Free Radic Biol Med | Increased plasma levels of the lipoperoxyl radical-derived vitamin E metabolite α-tocopheryl quinone are an early indicator of lipotoxicity in fatty liver subjects. | Details |
| A12866 | 30249972 | Diseases | The Role of Vitamin E in the Treatment of NAFLD. | Details |
| A13598 | 29887885 | Adv Pharmacol Sci | Supplementation with Alpha-Tocopherol and Ascorbic Acid to Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease's Statin Therapy in Men. | Details |
| A13883 | 29710765 | Nutrients | A Vitamin E-Enriched Antioxidant Diet Interferes with the Acute Adaptation of the Liver to Physical Exercise in Mice. | Details |
| A15045 | 29119610 | Hepatology | Association of vitamin E intake at early childhood with alanine aminotransferase levels at mid-childhood. | Details |
| A15187 | 29057829 | Nutrients | Association of Vitamin E Levels with Metabolic Syndrome, and MRI-Derived Body Fat Volumes and Liver Fat Content. | Details |
| A15978 | 28628909 | J Nutr Biochem | Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease impairs the cytochrome P-450-dependent metabolism of α-tocopherol (vitamin E). | Details |
| A16203 | 28507473 | EXCLI J | Effects of symbiotic and vitamin E supplementation on blood pressure, nitric oxide and inflammatory factors in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. | Details |
| A21070 | 27051920 | Eksp Klin Farmakol | [EFFECTS OF MELATONIN ON THE ACONITATE HYDRATASE ACTIVITY, CONTENT OF LIPID PEROXIDATION PRODUCTS AND SOME NON-ENZYMATIC ANTIOXIDANTS IN THE BLOOD OF PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS COMPLICATED BY STEATOHEPATITIS]. | Details |
| A22186 | 24759732 | PLoS One | Genetic polymorphism of cytochrome P450 4F2, vitamin E level and histological response in adults and children with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease who participated in PIVENS and TONIC clinical trials. | Details |
| A22671 | 24373555 | Nutr J | Tocotrienols for normalisation of hepatic echogenic response in nonalcoholic fatty liver: a randomised placebo-controlled clinical trial. | Details |
| A26556 | 20210788 | Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol | Hepatic effects of rosiglitazone in rats with the metabolic syndrome. | Details |
| A26593 | 20138495 | J Nutr Biochem | Dietary α- and γ-tocopherol supplementation attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory-related responses in an obese mouse model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. | Details |
| A26896 | 19571473 | J Toxicol Sci | Children's toxicology from bench to bed--Liver Injury (2): Mechanism of antioxidant therapy for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. | Details |