| Drug ID: | Drug10 |
|---|---|
| Drug Name: | Azathioprine |
| CID: | 2265 |
| DrugBank ID: | DB00993 |
| Modality: | Small Molecule |
| Groups: | approved |
| US Approved: | YES |
| Other Approved: | YES |
| Identifier: | NCT03370601, , NCT02413047, , NCT06213857, , NCT02281799, , NCT03101800, , NCT04882683, , NCT03151525, , NCT00984568, , NCT02579733, , NCT01817972 |
| Molecular Formula: | C9H7N7O2S |
| Molecular Weight: | 277.27 g/mol |
| Isomeric SMILES: | CN1C=NC(=C1SC2=NC=NC3=C2NC=N3)[N+](=O)[O-] |
| Synonyms: | azathioprine; 446-86-6; Azothioprine; Azathioprin; Azamun; Azanin; Azatioprin; Azasan; Ccucol; Imurek |
| Phase 0: | 3 |
| Phase 1: | 7 |
| Phase 2: | 38 |
| Phase 3: | 59 |
| Phase 4: | 44 |
| Description: | An immunosuppressive antimetabolite pro-drug. It is an imidazolyl derivative of 6-mercaptopurine and many of its biological effects are similar to those of the parent compound. Azathioprine is converted into 6-mercaptopurine in the body where it blocks purine metabolism and DNA synthesis. |
Molecular Structure
Knowledge Graph
| dtID | CID | Compound Name | Gene ID | Gene Name | Species | PubMed IDs | Action |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| dt80 | 2265 | Azathioprine | 5243 | ABCB1 | Homo sapiens (human) | 17262810 | ABCB1 gene polymorphism affects the susceptibility to azathioprine |
| dt81 | 2265 | Azathioprine | 8647 | ABCB11 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | 27765674 | Azathioprine results in decreased expression of ABCB11 mRNA |
| dt82 | 2265 | Azathioprine | 5244 | ABCB4 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | 27765674 | Azathioprine results in increased expression of ABCB4 mRNA |
| dt83 | 2265 | Azathioprine | 1244 | ABCC2 | Homo sapiens (human) | 22623647 | Azathioprine results in increased expression of ABCC2 mRNA |
| dt84 | 2265 | Azathioprine | 1244 | ABCC2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | 27765674 | Azathioprine results in increased expression of ABCC2 mRNA |
| dt85 | 2265 | Azathioprine | 8714 | ABCC3 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | 27765674 | Azathioprine results in increased expression of ABCC3 mRNA |
| dt86 | 2265 | Azathioprine | 10257 | ABCC4 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | 27765674 | Azathioprine results in increased expression of ABCC4 mRNA |
| dt87 | 2265 | Azathioprine | 9429 | ABCG2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | 27765674 | Azathioprine results in decreased expression of ABCG2 mRNA |
| dt88 | 2265 | Azathioprine | 64240 | ABCG5 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | 27765674 | Azathioprine results in decreased expression of ABCG5 mRNA |
| dt89 | 2265 | Azathioprine | 63874 | ABHD4 | Homo sapiens (human) | 22623647 | Azathioprine results in increased expression of ABHD4 mRNA |
- No data available
Phase Distribution
Phase Description
- Phase 0: Exploratory trials to assess drug behavior in humans
- Phase 1: Safety trials to determine safe dosage range
- Phase 2: Efficacy trials to evaluate therapeutic effects
- Phase 3: Large-scale trials to confirm efficacy and safety
- Phase 4: Post-marketing surveillance for long-term safety and efficacy
| Trial ID | Title | Phase | Status | Sponsor | Indications | Interventions | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT05584228 | Medical Treatment Versus Surgery in Stricturing Small Bowel Crohn's Disease | NA | NOT_YET_RECRUITING | Nantes University Hospital | Crohn Disease | DRUG: Azathioprine + infliximab|PROCEDURE: Intest… | Details |
| NCT05456776 | Azathioprine Linked With Impaired Intestinal Epithelial Postoperative Regeneration in Crohn's Disease | NULL | COMPLETED | Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education | Inflammatory Bowel Diseases | None | Details |
| NCT05321485 | The Effect of MedicijnWijs on Adherence to Azathioprine Therapy in Adolescents With IBD | NA | UNKNOWN | Maxima Medical Center | Inflammatory Bowel Diseases|Crohn Disease|Ulcerat… | OTHER: MedicijnWijs | Details |
| NCT07138898 | Immunosuppressant Management in Rheumatology Patients Undergoing Elective Total Shoulder Arthroplasty | PHASE2 | NOT_YET_RECRUITING | NYU Langone Health | Rheumatic Disease | DRUG: Methotrexate|DRUG: Sulfasalazine|DRUG: Hydr… | Details |
| NCT05040464 | Comparison of Azathioprine to Methotrexate in Combination Therapy With Adalimumab in Crohn's Disease: an Open-label Randomized Controlled Trial | PHASE3 | RECRUITING | Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Amiens | Crohn Disease|Azathioprine|Methotrexate | DRUG: AZA capsules|DRUG: MTX|BIOLOGICAL: blood sa… | Details |
| NCT04882683 | Clinical Study of Cord Blood Mononuclear Cells on Treatment of Hormone-resistant or Hormone-dependent Ulcerative Colitis | NA | UNKNOWN | Shandong Qilu Stem Cells Engineering Co., Ltd. | Ulcerative Colitis | DRUG: Prednisone|DRUG: Azathioprine|DRUG: Adalimu… | Details |
| NCT04761952 | N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Prevent Postoperative Recurrence of Crohn's Disease | NA | UNKNOWN | Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University | Inflammatory Bowel Diseases|Crohn Disease|Polyuns… | DRUG: azathioprine|DRUG: infliximab|DRUG: N-3 Pol… | Details |
| NCT04160325 | Effect of the Exclusive Enteral Nutrition Combined With Azathioprine for Remission of Crohn's Diseases After Surgery | NA | UNKNOWN | Zhu Weiming | Crohn Disease | DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT: postoperative 3-month exclusi… | Details |
| NCT03681652 | Post-Operative Crohn's Disease Outcome in Children | NULL | RECRUITING | Schneider Children's Medical Center, Israel | Crohn Disease | DRUG: Azathioprine|DRUG: Anti-TNF Drug | Details |
| NCT03580876 | Addition of Azathioprine in IBD Patients With Immunogenic Failure | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | Védrines, Philippe, M.D. | Clinical Failure After Switch | DRUG: addition of azathioprine|DRUG: Switch to a … | Details |
| NCT03393247 | The Therapy Effect of Azathioprine Initial or 14 Weeks After Combined With Infliximab on CD | NA | UNKNOWN | Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University | Crohn Disease | DRUG: infliximab and azathioprine combination at … | Details |
| NCT03370601 | Evaluation of the Clinical and Immunological Impact of Two Therapeutic Strategies in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases | NA | TERMINATED | University Hospital, Lille | Inflammatory Bowel Diseases | DRUG: Infliximab|DRUG: Mercaptopurine|DRUG: Azath… | Details |
| NCT03185611 | Effectiveness of Rifaximin Combined With Thiopurine on Preventing Postoperative Recurrence in Crohn's Disease | PHASE3 | UNKNOWN | Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University | Crohn Disease | DRUG: Rifaximin|DRUG: Azathioprine | Details |
| NCT03151525 | Two Therapeutic Strategies for the Maintenance of Remission in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | Istituto Clinico Humanitas | Colitis, Ulcerative | DRUG: Azathioprine|DRUG: Infliximab | Details |
| NCT03101800 | Beneficial and Harmful Effects of Azathioprine and Allopurinol Versus Standard Azathioprine Therapy for Patients With Ulcerative Colitis | PHASE3 | UNKNOWN | Hvidovre University Hospital | Colitis, Ulcerative|Colitis Ulcerative Exacerbati… | DRUG: Azathioprine and Allopurinol|DRUG: Azathiop… | Details |
| NCT02998827 | Thalidomide Results in Diminished Ovarian Reserve in Reproductive Age Female IBD Patients | NA | UNKNOWN | Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University | Crohn Disease | DRUG: Thalidomide|DRUG: infliximab, azathioprine|… | Details |
| NCT02929706 | Pre-genotype NUDT 15 R139C on Reducing Thiopurine-induced Leucopenia in Inflammatory Bowel Disease | NA | UNKNOWN | Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University | Thiopurine-induced Leukopenia | GENETIC: Pre-genotype NUDT15 and optimize azathio… | Details |
| NCT02852694 | Reduce Risk for Crohn's Disease Patients | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | PIBD-Net | Crohn's Disease | DRUG: Methotrexate|DRUG: Adalimumab|DRUG: Azathio… | Details |
| NCT02579733 | Azathioprine Based on Endoscopy After Clinical Remission in Moderate to Severe Ulcerative Colitis | PHASE4 | TERMINATED | Kyungpook National University Hospital | Ulcerative Colitis | DRUG: Azathioprine|DRUG: Placebo | Details |
| NCT02517684 | Top-down Infliximab Study in Kids With Crohn's Disease | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Erasmus Medical Center | Crohn's Disease | DRUG: Infliximab|DRUG: Prednisolone|OTHER: Exclus… | Details |
| Disease ID | Disease Name | Definition | Category | Related Drugs | Mechanism | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No data available | ||||||
| Strategy ID | Therapeutic Strategy | Synonyms | Related Drugs | Mechanism | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S02 | Immunosuppression | Classic immunosuppressive drugs | azathioprine; 6-mercaptopurine; methotrexate; ciclosporin-A; tacrolimus | Ciclosporin-A and tacrolimus bind to specific intracellular… | Details |
Is there still a room for azathioprine monotherapy in inflammatory bowel diseas…
PMID: 23574282
Year: 2013
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 6.1
Most cases of cytomegalovirus (CMV) colitis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) occur in those treated with immunosuppressants and/or …
The impact of thiopurine-S-methyltransferase genotype on the adverse drug react…
PMID: 23514552
Year: 2013
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 6.1
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has not been fully understood yet. Eosinophils (Eo) are one type of the ma…
Relationship between azathioprine dosage and thiopurine metabolites in pediatri…
PMID: 23503453
Year: 2013
Relationship Type:
Association
Score: 6.1
BACKGROUND: The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) involves the role of bacteria. These bacteria ferment nonstarch polysaccharides in …
Letter: successful mercaptopurine therapy after azathioprine-related pancreatit…
PMID: 23205483
Year: 2013
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 6.1
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The usefulness of anti-glycan antibodies alone or combined with anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae [ASCA] or perinuclear antineutrop…
Letter: successful mercaptopurine therapy after azathioprine-related pancreatit…
PMID: 23205482
Year: 2013
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 6.1
Not found
Design, development and optimization of oral colon targeted drug delivery syste…
PMID: 23167303
Year: 2013
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 6.1
Inherited bleeding disorders (IBDs) are by definition life-long. The commonest IBD is von Willebrand disease (VWD), a deficiency of von Willebrand f…
[Immunomodulator: azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine]
PMID: 23126110
Year: 2012
Relationship Type:
Association
Score: 6.1
Formulation development and in-vitro/in-vivo correlation for a novel Sterculia …
PMID: 23110370
Year: 2013
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 6.1
BACKGROUND: Restorative proctocolectomy with IPAA is the surgical treatment of choice in patients with ulcerative colitis who require colectomy. Pou…
Pleomorphic malignant histiocytoma: a rare skin cancer in a patient on azathiop…
PMID: 22761209
Year: 2012
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 6.1
A 67-year-old female who was diagnosed with ulcerative colitis in 2001, presented with a soft tissue mass in the middle of her back of 4 months durat…
Spot diagnosis: eruptive melanocytic naevi during azathioprine therapy in Crohn…
PMID: 22402255
Year: 2012
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 6.1
Hepatotoxicity associated with 6-methyl mercaptopurine formation during azathio…
PMID: 22261533
Year: 2012
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 6.1
Comment in Gastroenterology. 2015 Nov;149(6):1302-4. Gastroenterology. 2015 Nov;149(6):1323-6. BACKGROUND & AIMS: Inflammatory bowel disease…
Prognosis of lymphoma in patients following treatment with 6-mercaptopurine/aza…
PMID: 22241664
Year: 2012
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 6.1
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic relapsing inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, and includes two major …
Optimizing 6-mercaptopurine and azathioprine therapy in the management of infla…
PMID: 22072847
Year: 2011
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 6.1
Infliximab is a monoclonal antibody against tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), which is approved for the treatment of chronic inflammatory bowel d…
Azathioprine induced hepatitis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
PMID: 21892694
Year: 2011
Relationship Type:
Association
Score: 6.1
A case of Crohn's disease with improvement after azathioprine-induced pancytope…
PMID: 21769285
Year: 2011
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 6.1
Our understanding of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), treatment options, complications and their management has expanded significantly over the pas…
[Hodgkin's lymphoma in a patient with Crohn's disease treated with azathioprine…
PMID: 21752407
Year: 2012
Relationship Type:
Association
Score: 6.1
Limitations of extensive TPMT genotyping in the management of azathioprine-indu…
PMID: 21723857
Year: 2011
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 6.1
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is related to dysfunction of intestinal immunity. Neutrophils have an important role in innate immunity via the ox…
Cytomegalovirus associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in patients suffe…
PMID: 21710533
Year: 2011
Relationship Type:
Association
Score: 6.1
The effects of azathioprine on birth outcomes in women with inflammatory bowel …
PMID: 21575887
Year: 2011
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 6.1
Comment in Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2011 Oct;17(10):E131-2. BACKGROUND: In the transition from pediatric to adult care, patients are expected to incr…
Severe muscular weakness as an isolated symptom of azathioprine hypersensitivity
PMID: 21472829
Year: 2011
Relationship Type:
Association
Score: 6.1