| Drug ID: | Drug10 |
|---|---|
| Drug Name: | Azathioprine |
| CID: | 2265 |
| DrugBank ID: | DB00993 |
| Modality: | Small Molecule |
| Groups: | approved |
| US Approved: | YES |
| Other Approved: | YES |
| Identifier: | NCT03370601, , NCT02413047, , NCT06213857, , NCT02281799, , NCT03101800, , NCT04882683, , NCT03151525, , NCT00984568, , NCT02579733, , NCT01817972 |
| Molecular Formula: | C9H7N7O2S |
| Molecular Weight: | 277.27 g/mol |
| Isomeric SMILES: | CN1C=NC(=C1SC2=NC=NC3=C2NC=N3)[N+](=O)[O-] |
| Synonyms: | azathioprine; 446-86-6; Azothioprine; Azathioprin; Azamun; Azanin; Azatioprin; Azasan; Ccucol; Imurek |
| Phase 0: | 3 |
| Phase 1: | 7 |
| Phase 2: | 38 |
| Phase 3: | 59 |
| Phase 4: | 44 |
| Description: | An immunosuppressive antimetabolite pro-drug. It is an imidazolyl derivative of 6-mercaptopurine and many of its biological effects are similar to those of the parent compound. Azathioprine is converted into 6-mercaptopurine in the body where it blocks purine metabolism and DNA synthesis. |
Molecular Structure
Knowledge Graph
| dtID | CID | Compound Name | Gene ID | Gene Name | Species | PubMed IDs | Action |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| dt80 | 2265 | Azathioprine | 5243 | ABCB1 | Homo sapiens (human) | 17262810 | ABCB1 gene polymorphism affects the susceptibility to azathioprine |
| dt81 | 2265 | Azathioprine | 8647 | ABCB11 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | 27765674 | Azathioprine results in decreased expression of ABCB11 mRNA |
| dt82 | 2265 | Azathioprine | 5244 | ABCB4 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | 27765674 | Azathioprine results in increased expression of ABCB4 mRNA |
| dt83 | 2265 | Azathioprine | 1244 | ABCC2 | Homo sapiens (human) | 22623647 | Azathioprine results in increased expression of ABCC2 mRNA |
| dt84 | 2265 | Azathioprine | 1244 | ABCC2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | 27765674 | Azathioprine results in increased expression of ABCC2 mRNA |
| dt85 | 2265 | Azathioprine | 8714 | ABCC3 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | 27765674 | Azathioprine results in increased expression of ABCC3 mRNA |
| dt86 | 2265 | Azathioprine | 10257 | ABCC4 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | 27765674 | Azathioprine results in increased expression of ABCC4 mRNA |
| dt87 | 2265 | Azathioprine | 9429 | ABCG2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | 27765674 | Azathioprine results in decreased expression of ABCG2 mRNA |
| dt88 | 2265 | Azathioprine | 64240 | ABCG5 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | 27765674 | Azathioprine results in decreased expression of ABCG5 mRNA |
| dt89 | 2265 | Azathioprine | 63874 | ABHD4 | Homo sapiens (human) | 22623647 | Azathioprine results in increased expression of ABHD4 mRNA |
- No data available
Phase Distribution
Phase Description
- Phase 0: Exploratory trials to assess drug behavior in humans
- Phase 1: Safety trials to determine safe dosage range
- Phase 2: Efficacy trials to evaluate therapeutic effects
- Phase 3: Large-scale trials to confirm efficacy and safety
- Phase 4: Post-marketing surveillance for long-term safety and efficacy
| Trial ID | Title | Phase | Status | Sponsor | Indications | Interventions | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT05584228 | Medical Treatment Versus Surgery in Stricturing Small Bowel Crohn's Disease | NA | NOT_YET_RECRUITING | Nantes University Hospital | Crohn Disease | DRUG: Azathioprine + infliximab|PROCEDURE: Intest… | Details |
| NCT05456776 | Azathioprine Linked With Impaired Intestinal Epithelial Postoperative Regeneration in Crohn's Disease | NULL | COMPLETED | Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education | Inflammatory Bowel Diseases | None | Details |
| NCT05321485 | The Effect of MedicijnWijs on Adherence to Azathioprine Therapy in Adolescents With IBD | NA | UNKNOWN | Maxima Medical Center | Inflammatory Bowel Diseases|Crohn Disease|Ulcerat… | OTHER: MedicijnWijs | Details |
| NCT07138898 | Immunosuppressant Management in Rheumatology Patients Undergoing Elective Total Shoulder Arthroplasty | PHASE2 | NOT_YET_RECRUITING | NYU Langone Health | Rheumatic Disease | DRUG: Methotrexate|DRUG: Sulfasalazine|DRUG: Hydr… | Details |
| NCT05040464 | Comparison of Azathioprine to Methotrexate in Combination Therapy With Adalimumab in Crohn's Disease: an Open-label Randomized Controlled Trial | PHASE3 | RECRUITING | Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Amiens | Crohn Disease|Azathioprine|Methotrexate | DRUG: AZA capsules|DRUG: MTX|BIOLOGICAL: blood sa… | Details |
| NCT04882683 | Clinical Study of Cord Blood Mononuclear Cells on Treatment of Hormone-resistant or Hormone-dependent Ulcerative Colitis | NA | UNKNOWN | Shandong Qilu Stem Cells Engineering Co., Ltd. | Ulcerative Colitis | DRUG: Prednisone|DRUG: Azathioprine|DRUG: Adalimu… | Details |
| NCT04761952 | N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Prevent Postoperative Recurrence of Crohn's Disease | NA | UNKNOWN | Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University | Inflammatory Bowel Diseases|Crohn Disease|Polyuns… | DRUG: azathioprine|DRUG: infliximab|DRUG: N-3 Pol… | Details |
| NCT04160325 | Effect of the Exclusive Enteral Nutrition Combined With Azathioprine for Remission of Crohn's Diseases After Surgery | NA | UNKNOWN | Zhu Weiming | Crohn Disease | DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT: postoperative 3-month exclusi… | Details |
| NCT03681652 | Post-Operative Crohn's Disease Outcome in Children | NULL | RECRUITING | Schneider Children's Medical Center, Israel | Crohn Disease | DRUG: Azathioprine|DRUG: Anti-TNF Drug | Details |
| NCT03580876 | Addition of Azathioprine in IBD Patients With Immunogenic Failure | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | Védrines, Philippe, M.D. | Clinical Failure After Switch | DRUG: addition of azathioprine|DRUG: Switch to a … | Details |
| NCT03393247 | The Therapy Effect of Azathioprine Initial or 14 Weeks After Combined With Infliximab on CD | NA | UNKNOWN | Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University | Crohn Disease | DRUG: infliximab and azathioprine combination at … | Details |
| NCT03370601 | Evaluation of the Clinical and Immunological Impact of Two Therapeutic Strategies in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases | NA | TERMINATED | University Hospital, Lille | Inflammatory Bowel Diseases | DRUG: Infliximab|DRUG: Mercaptopurine|DRUG: Azath… | Details |
| NCT03185611 | Effectiveness of Rifaximin Combined With Thiopurine on Preventing Postoperative Recurrence in Crohn's Disease | PHASE3 | UNKNOWN | Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University | Crohn Disease | DRUG: Rifaximin|DRUG: Azathioprine | Details |
| NCT03151525 | Two Therapeutic Strategies for the Maintenance of Remission in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | Istituto Clinico Humanitas | Colitis, Ulcerative | DRUG: Azathioprine|DRUG: Infliximab | Details |
| NCT03101800 | Beneficial and Harmful Effects of Azathioprine and Allopurinol Versus Standard Azathioprine Therapy for Patients With Ulcerative Colitis | PHASE3 | UNKNOWN | Hvidovre University Hospital | Colitis, Ulcerative|Colitis Ulcerative Exacerbati… | DRUG: Azathioprine and Allopurinol|DRUG: Azathiop… | Details |
| NCT02998827 | Thalidomide Results in Diminished Ovarian Reserve in Reproductive Age Female IBD Patients | NA | UNKNOWN | Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University | Crohn Disease | DRUG: Thalidomide|DRUG: infliximab, azathioprine|… | Details |
| NCT02929706 | Pre-genotype NUDT 15 R139C on Reducing Thiopurine-induced Leucopenia in Inflammatory Bowel Disease | NA | UNKNOWN | Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University | Thiopurine-induced Leukopenia | GENETIC: Pre-genotype NUDT15 and optimize azathio… | Details |
| NCT02852694 | Reduce Risk for Crohn's Disease Patients | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | PIBD-Net | Crohn's Disease | DRUG: Methotrexate|DRUG: Adalimumab|DRUG: Azathio… | Details |
| NCT02579733 | Azathioprine Based on Endoscopy After Clinical Remission in Moderate to Severe Ulcerative Colitis | PHASE4 | TERMINATED | Kyungpook National University Hospital | Ulcerative Colitis | DRUG: Azathioprine|DRUG: Placebo | Details |
| NCT02517684 | Top-down Infliximab Study in Kids With Crohn's Disease | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Erasmus Medical Center | Crohn's Disease | DRUG: Infliximab|DRUG: Prednisolone|OTHER: Exclus… | Details |
| Disease ID | Disease Name | Definition | Category | Related Drugs | Mechanism | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No data available | ||||||
| Strategy ID | Therapeutic Strategy | Synonyms | Related Drugs | Mechanism | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S02 | Immunosuppression | Classic immunosuppressive drugs | azathioprine; 6-mercaptopurine; methotrexate; ciclosporin-A; tacrolimus | Ciclosporin-A and tacrolimus bind to specific intracellular… | Details |
High thiopurine metabolite concentrations associated with lymphopenia in inflam…
PMID: 20353749
Year: 2010
Relationship Type:
Association
Score: 6.1
In livestock populations, missing genotypes on a large proportion of the animals is a major problem when implementing gene-assisted breeding value e…
Multiple cutaneous malignancies arising in a patient with Crohn disease treated…
PMID: 20345989
Year: 2010
Relationship Type:
Association
Score: 6.1
Azathioprine or mercaptopurine-induced acute pancreatitis is not a disease-spec…
PMID: 20222913
Year: 2010
Relationship Type:
Association
Score: 6.1
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The etiology of the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) remains unknown. We aim…
Acute myeloid leukemia after one month of azathioprine therapy in a Crohn's dis…
PMID: 20216428
Year: 2010
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 6.1
Azathioprine and ulcerative colitis: a "second-look" meta-analysis
PMID: 20198426
Year: 2010
Relationship Type:
Association
Score: 6.1
Azathioprine-induced hypersensitivity hepatitis: tolerance to 6-mercaptopurine
PMID: 20196148
Year: 2010
Relationship Type:
Association
Score: 6.1
Risk of cancer in inflammatory bowel disease treated with azathioprine: a UK po…
PMID: 20104215
Year: 2010
Relationship Type:
Association
Score: 6.1
PURPOSE: Resources for studying inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are needed in evaluations of drug safety including traditional drugs and new biolog…
Herpes simplex virus meningoencephalitis in a patient with Crohn's disease on a…
PMID: 20054331
Year: 2010
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 6.1
Azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine for induction of remission in Crohn's disease
PMID: 19821270
Year: 2009
Relationship Type:
Association
Score: 6.1
Not found
Epstein-Barr virus and parvovirus B19 coinfection in a Crohn's disease patient …
PMID: 19760779
Year: 2010
Relationship Type:
Association
Score: 6.1
Body mass index and disease activity at treatment initiation: potential new pre…
PMID: 19760776
Year: 2010
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 6.1
Not found
Adverse reactions to azathioprine cannot be predicted by thiopurine S-methyltra…
PMID: 19682195
Year: 2009
Relationship Type:
Adverse Effect
Score: 6.1
Comment in J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009 Jul;24(7):1160-2. BACKGROUND: Anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha medications are effective in Croh…
IBD: incidence of HSV and HPV with azathioprine
PMID: 19654597
Year: 2009
Relationship Type:
Association
Score: 6.1
In this paper we describe an array of differences between paediatric and adult inflammatory bowel diseases. Specifically, patient specifics such as …
Acute lymphoid leukemia in a Crohn's disease patient during treatment with adal…
PMID: 19637388
Year: 2010
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 6.1
Efficacy of methotrexate in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis patients unr…
PMID: 19552632
Year: 2009
Relationship Type:
Association
Score: 6.1
To investigate the role of mice as potential carriers of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), three mice were inoculated with a very virulent str…
Significant differences between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis regardin…
PMID: 19513841
Year: 2010
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 6.1
The cellular origin, in vivo function and fate of donor bone marrow-derived cells residing in the recipient intestinal epithelial cells, pericryptal…
Novel pharmacogenetic markers for treatment outcome in azathioprine-treated inf…
PMID: 19500084
Year: 2009
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 6.1
BACKGROUND: In families segregating a monogenic genetic disorder with a single disease gene introduction, patients share a mutation-carrying chromos…
Current smoking, not duration of remission, delays Crohn's disease relapse foll…
PMID: 19462422
Year: 2010
Relationship Type:
Association
Score: 6.1
Early pregnancy azathioprine use and pregnancy outcomes
PMID: 19343728
Year: 2009
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 6.1
OBJECTIVES: We tested the hypothesis of nonlinear longitudinal trends in health-care utilization by individuals with Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcera…
Incidence of benign upper respiratory tract infections, HSV and HPV cutaneous i…
PMID: 19222411
Year: 2009
Relationship Type:
Association
Score: 6.1
Erratum in Genet Res. 2009 Apr;91(2):143. Dense marker genotypes allow the construction of the realized relationship matrix between individuals…