Drug ID:Drug52
Drug Name:Iron
CID:23925
DrugBank ID:DB01592
Modality:Small Molecule
Groups:approved
US Approved:NO
Other Approved:YES
Identifier: NCT01017614, , NCT03441893
Molecular Formula:Fe
Molecular Weight:55.84 g/mol
Isomeric SMILES:[Fe]
Synonyms:IRON; 7439-89-6; Iron, elemental; Ferrum; Iron powder; Remko; Armco iron; Ferrovac E; Ancor B; hierro
Phase 0: 4
Phase 1: 19
Phase 2: 46
Phase 3: 81
Phase 4: 92
Description:A metallic element found in certain minerals, in nearly all soils, and in mineral waters. It is an essential constituent of hemoglobin, cytochrome, and other components of respiratory enzyme systems. Its chief functions are in the transport of oxygen to tissue (hemoglobin) and in cellular oxidation mechanisms. Depletion of iron stores may result in iron-deficiency anemia. Iron is used to build up the blood in anemia.

Molecular Structure

2D Molecular Structure

Knowledge Graph

dtIDCIDCompound NameGene IDGene NameSpeciesPubMed IDsAction
dt472 23925 Iron 3040 HBA2 Homo sapiens (human) Activator
dt473 23925 Iron 7037 TFRC Homo sapiens (human) 16564538 None
dt474 23925 Iron 54583 EGLN1 Homo sapiens (human) 16649251 None
dt475 23925 Iron 55869 HDAC8 Homo sapiens (human) 16681389 Cofactor
dt476 23925 Iron 51327 AHSP Homo sapiens (human) 16901899 None
dt477 23925 Iron 2395 FXN Homo sapiens (human) 16911956 None
dt478 23925 Iron 2495 FTH1 Homo sapiens (human) 17070541 None
dt479 23925 Iron 2237 FEN1 Homo sapiens (human) 20622253 None
dt480 23925 Iron 79661 NEIL1 Homo sapiens (human) 20622253 None
dt481 23925 Iron 252969 NEIL2 Homo sapiens (human) 20622253 None

  • No data available

Phase Distribution
Phase Description
  • Phase 0: Exploratory trials to assess drug behavior in humans
  • Phase 1: Safety trials to determine safe dosage range
  • Phase 2: Efficacy trials to evaluate therapeutic effects
  • Phase 3: Large-scale trials to confirm efficacy and safety
  • Phase 4: Post-marketing surveillance for long-term safety and efficacy

Trial IDTitlePhaseStatusSponsorIndicationsInterventions
NCT06321887 EffiCacy and sAfEty of Low doSe orAl iRon for Anaemia in IBD PHASE3 RECRUITING Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Inflammatory Bowel Disease|Iron Deficiency Anemia DRUG: Ferrous fumarate syrup 2.5ml/70mg (22.5mg e… Details
NCT01438372 IV Iron Sucrose vs Oral FeSO4 in Treating IDA in Pediatric IBD PHASE2 WITHDRAWN Wayne State University Iron Deficiency Anemia|Inflammatory Bowel Disease DRUG: Intravenous iron sucrose|DRUG: Oral ferrous… Details
NCT02774057 Trial of Captafer vs. Oral Iron Sulfate in the Treatment of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Patients With IBD PHASE4 UNKNOWN American University of Beirut Medical Center Iron Deficiency Anemia|Inflammatory Bowel Disease DRUG: Captafer|DRUG: Iron Sulfate Details
NCT02760940 Anemia in Inflammatory Bowel Disease PHASE4 UNKNOWN Federal University of Juiz de Fora Anemia|Bowel Diseases, Inflammatory DRUG: oral liposomal iron Details
NCT03376230 Role of the Chemical Environment in the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease None TERMINATED University Hospital, Lille Inflammatory Bowel Diseases OTHER: Collect of blood, urines, and intestinal b… Details
NCT03457571 Clinical Observational Study: IBD Patients With Restless-legs-syndrome and Iron Deficiency Syndrome None COMPLETED Charite University, Berlin, Germany Inflammatory Bowel Diseases|Restless Legs Syndrom… None Details
NCT00810030 FERINJECT for Correction of Anaemia in IBD Patients, FER-IBD-COR PHASE3 COMPLETED Vifor Pharma Inflammatory Bowel Disease|Anemia|Iron Deficiency… DRUG: Ferric carboxymaltose|DRUG: Iron Sucrose Details
NCT06120322 Machine Learning Approach to Study the Interactions Between Environment and Intestinal Tissue Homeostasis in IBD None NOT_YET_RECRUITING IRCCS San Raffaele Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1|Ulcerative Colitis OTHER: Environmental factor monitoring; collectio… Details
NCT05225545 Sucrosomial Iron vs. Oral Iron Sulfate for the Treatment of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis PHASE3 RECRUITING American University of Beirut Medical Center Anemia, Iron Deficiency|Ulcerative Colitis DRUG: Sucrosomial Iron|DRUG: Oral Iron Details
NCT03282903 The PRognostic Effect of Environmental Factors in Crohn's and Colitis None COMPLETED University of Edinburgh Inflammatory Bowel Diseases|Crohn Disease|Ulcerat… None Details
NCT03247816 Feraccru Real World Effectiveness Study in Hospital Practice ( FRESH ) None COMPLETED Shield Therapeutics Anemia, Iron Deficiency|Inflammatory Bowel Diseas… None Details
NCT01017614 Iron Oligosaccharide in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Subjects With Iron Deficiency Anaemia PHASE3 COMPLETED Pharmacosmos A/S Inflammatory Bowel Disease DRUG: Monofer; DRUG: Iron Sulphate Details
NCT05176795 Host-microbiota-environment Interactions Not Available RECRUITING University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis; Diabetes type1; In… OTHER: Stool sample Details
ChiCTR2500100314 Analysis of iron-related indexes and disease association in patients with inflammatory bowel disease Not Available Not Recruiting Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University Inflammatory bowel disease IBD patients:None; Details
DRKS00034606 CEDATA GPGE Patient Registry - Registry for chronic inflammatory bowel diseases in children and adolescents - CEDATA Not Available Recruiting Gesellschaft f Piatrische Gastroenterologie und Ernrung e. V. Inflammatory Bowel Disease K50-K52;Noninfective … Group 1: Health Care Data is entered into an onli… Details
NCT02517151 Iron Supplementation in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Patients With Chronic Fatigue PHASE2 UNKNOWN Istituto Clinico Humanitas Chronic Fatigue|Inflammatory Bowel Disease DRUG: Ferric carboxymaltose|DRUG: Placebo Details
ACTRN12624000016538 Longitudinal study of diet, lifestyle and biomarker predictors of pouchitis Not Available Not Recruiting Monash University Inflammatory bowel disease;familial adenomatous p… We will be following individuals with an ileoanal… Details
ChiCTR2200066959 Study on the effect of iron supplementation on the efficacy of anti-TNF-a monoclonal antibody in patients with IBD Not Available Not Recruiting Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Inflammatory bowel disease Intervention group :iron isomaltoside;Control gro… Details
ChiCTR2200066056 A comparative study of iron isomaltoside versus traditional iron supplements in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases and iron deficiency anemia Not Available Not Recruiting Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Inflammatory bowel disease Intervention group:iron isomaltoside;Control grou… Details
EUCTR2022-000894-16-NL Predicting Response to Iron Supplementation in Patients with active Inflammatory Bowel Disease_ - PRIme PHASE4 Not Recruiting Leiden University Medical Center Inflammatory Bowel Disease MedDRA version: 20.0_… Trade Name: Feraccru Pharmaceutical Form: Capsule… Details

Disease IDDisease NameDefinitionCategoryRelated DrugsMechanism
1.0 Crohn's disease An intestinal disease that involves inflammation located_in intestine. disease of anatomical entity gastrointestinal system disease, intestinal disease, inflammatory bowel disease Obiltoxaximab; Budesonide; Hydrocortisone acetate; Sulfasalazine; Ursodeoxycholic acid; Pegunigalsidase alfa; Imiglucerase; Bictegravir; Taliglucerase alfa; Etelcalcetide; Cimetidine; Desonide Crohn's disease is a relapsing systemic inflammatory diseas… Details
2.0 ulcerative colitis A colitis that is predominantly confined to the mucosa located_in colon and includes characteristic ulcers, or open sores. disease of anatomical entity, gastrointestinal system disease, autoimmune disease of gastrointestinal tract; intestinal disease, inflammatory bowel disease, colitis; disease, primary immunodeficiency disease, autoimmune disease, autoimmune disease of gastrointestinal tract Mirikizumab; Olsalazine; Balsalazide; Sulfasalazine; Budesonide; Hydrocortisone acetate; Tixocortol; Kappadione; Teicoplanin; Atezolizumab; Gamolenic acid; Upadacitinib No abstract available Details

Strategy IDTherapeutic StrategySynonymsRelated DrugsMechanism
S01 Anti-inflammatory inflammatory 5-Aminosalicylates (5-ASAs); corticosteroids Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are the two main com… Details
S02 Immunosuppression Classic immunosuppressive drugs azathioprine; 6-mercaptopurine; methotrexate; ciclosporin-A; tacrolimus Ciclosporin-A and tacrolimus bind to specific intracellular… Details
S03 Anti-TNF agents Tumor necrosis factor infliximab; adalimumab; golimumab; certolizumab pegol TNF is produced by various immune and non-immune cells in t… Details
S04 T-cell homing and retention T-cell trafficking vedolizumab; anti-MAdCAM1 antibodies ; etrolizumab Inhibition of the interaction between α4β7 integrins on T c… Details
S07 Blockade of cytokine Cytokine signalling apremilast; roflumilast; filgotinib; tofacitinib; ABT494; ABT-874; ustekinumab; isankizumab; LY-2525623; AMG139; MEDI2079; guselkumab Various T-cell subsets, their differentiation pathways and … Details
S08 Strengthening barrier function Modulation of barrier function phosphatidylcholine (lecithin); imiquimod; mongersen Escherichia coli Nissle (EcN) is a nonpathogenic Gram-negat… Details
S11 Improveming Intestinal Microecology the intestinal microbiota antibiotics; probiotics; prebiotics; postbiotics; synbiotics; fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) The imbalance between beneficial bacteria and harmful patho… Details

[Clinical and diagnostic significance of gepsidin level in the regulation of ir…

PMID: 22629694
Year: 2011
Relationship Type: Treatment Score: 9.1

Gepsidin is an iron regulatory protein that inhibits ferroportin, limiting the transport of iron into the cell of the small intestine villi and block…

An information theory analysis of gene-environmental interactions in count/rate…

PMID: 22614786
Year: 2012
Relationship Type: Association Score: 9.1

OBJECTIVE: To develop and critically evaluate an information theory method for identifying gene-gene and gene-environment interactions in count and r…

Solar radiation and vitamin D: mitigating environmental factors in autoimmune d…

PMID: 22523507
Year: 2012
Relationship Type: Association Score: 9.1

This paper looks at the environmental role of vitamin D and solar radiation as risk reduction factors in autoimmune disease. Five diseases are consid…

MyD88 is critically involved in immune tolerance breakdown at environmental int…

PMID: 22466646
Year: 2012
Relationship Type: Mechanism Score: 9.1

Tregs expressing the transcription factor Foxp3 suppress self-reactive T cells, prevent autoimmunity, and help contain immune responses to foreign an…

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor in inflammatory bowel disease: linking the enviro…

PMID: 22450895
Year: 2012
Relationship Type: Mechanism Score: 9.1

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a transcription factor activated by a large number of environmental agents, modulates the act…

A case-only study of gene-environment interaction between genetic susceptibilit…

PMID: 22416979
Year: 2012
Relationship Type: Association Score: 9.1

BACKGROUND: Genetic variation in NOD2 and cigarette smoking are well-established risk factors for the development of Crohn's disease (CD). However, l…

Environmental factors associated with Crohn's disease in India

PMID: 22161539
Year: 2011
Relationship Type: Association Score: 9.1

BACKGROUND: The frequency of diagnosis of Crohn's disease (CD) in India is increasing. This case-control study was designed to detect associations of…

Genes, epigenetic regulation and environmental factors: which is the most relev…

PMID: 22041580
Year: 2012
Relationship Type: Mechanism Score: 9.1

Autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis and inflammatory bowel disease, have complex patho…

Regulation of the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor and IgA transport: new adva…

PMID: 21956244
Year: 2011
Relationship Type: Treatment Score: 9.1

Secretory IgA (SIgA) antibodies represent the first line of antigen-specific immune defense protecting the mucosal surfaces against environmental pat…

Environmental factors in infancy and ulcerative colitis in the Central South of…

PMID: 21939911
Year: 2011
Relationship Type: Association Score: 9.1

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Evidence for the role of the hygiene hypothesis and the development of Ulcerative Colitis (UC) is unclear. We aimed to explore t…

Iron and intestinal immunity

PMID: 21785351
Year: 2011
Relationship Type: Association Score: 9.1

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Recent advances in the study of iron metabolism have led to a better understanding of the molecular basis for the interactions bet…

Environmental and lifestyle influences on disorders of the large and small inte…

PMID: 21734392
Year: 2011
Relationship Type: Treatment Score: 9.1

There is growing evidence that many aspects of our lifestyle and the environment we now live in contribute to the development of disease. The luminal…

[Iron therapy: proof of efficacy and good clinical practice]

PMID: 21674897
Year: 2011
Relationship Type: Treatment Score: 9.1

Efficacy of iron therapy, whether oral or intravenous, on biological markers of body iron stores is well recognized in medical literature, but curren…

Efficacy of intravenous iron in treating iron deficiency anaemia in patients wi…

PMID: 21619388
Year: 2011
Relationship Type: Treatment Score: 9.1

INTRODUCTION: In inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) is a very common disorder. Until recently,oral iron has been the main…

Tumor microenvironment and progression of pancreatic cancer

PMID: 21403605
Year: 2010
Relationship Type: Treatment Score: 9.1

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is characterized by << tumor desmoplasia >>, a remarkable increase in connective tissue that penetrates and envelope…

A prospective evaluation of iron deficiency anemia in the GI endoscopy setting:…

PMID: 21396638
Year: 2011
Relationship Type: Association Score: 9.1

BACKGROUND: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a frequently encountered condition in clinical practice. After conventional endoscopy, the cause of anemi…

When is high-dose intravenous iron repletion needed? Assessing new treatment op…

PMID: 21340038
Year: 2011
Relationship Type: Treatment Score: 9.1

High doses of intravenous iron have a role in the treatment of a number of clinical situations associated with iron deficiency, iron deficiency anemi…

Depletion of luminal iron alters the gut microbiota and prevents Crohn's diseas…

PMID: 21076126
Year: 2011
Relationship Type: Treatment Score: 9.1

BACKGROUND: Iron replacement therapy is a common treatment in patients with anaemia and Crohn's disease, but oral iron supplements are less tolerated…

Diagnosis and management of iron deficiency anemia in patients with IBD

PMID: 20924367
Year: 2010
Relationship Type: Treatment Score: 9.1

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) encompass Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, which are diseases characterized by chronic intestinal inflammat…

Evaluation of erythrocytes, platelets, and serum iron profile in dogs with chro…

PMID: 20798868
Year: 2010
Relationship Type: Treatment Score: 9.1

The aim of this study is to evaluate iron status, erythrocyte, and platelet modifications in dogs with chronic enteropathy (CE). Dogs were grouped as…

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