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Obefazimod in patients with moderate-to-severely active ulcerative colitis: efficacy and safety analysis from the 96-week open-label maintenance phase 2b study
Publication Year: 2025 Source: J Crohns Colitis PMID: 40417999
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Obefazimod is an oral small molecule that selectively enhances the expression of a single micro-RNA (miRNA), miR-124. Obefazimod has demonstrated safety and efficacy in patients with moderate-to-severely active ulcerative colitis (UC) in a phase 2b induction trial. This analysis presents the 2-year outcome data of the open-label …
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the pathophysiology of gastrointestinal disorders - A key mediator in the gut-brain axis
Publication Year: 2025 Source: Rev Esp Enferm Dig PMID: 40418063
The concept "gut-brain axis" means a bidirectional communication between the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. This axis is key in keeping the physiological homeostasis of the GI tract and its dysfunction has been implicated in a number of neuropsychiatric and gut conditions. A number of neurotransmitters are …
[Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in gastrointestinal diseases - a consequence or a cause of progression?]
Publication Year: 2025 Source: Vopr Pitan PMID: 40418131 DOI: 10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-2-5-17
The prevalence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is increasing worldwide, especially in countries with high rates of urbanization. The growth of pathogenic and/or opportunistic bacteria in the small intestine can cause clinical symptoms and digestive and absorption disorders. The aim of the review was to analyze available literature on …
Gasdermin D: A New Inflammatory Biomarker in Assessing Clinical Disease Activity in Crohn's Disease
Publication Year: 2025 Source: Turk J Gastroenterol PMID: 40418140
Background/Aims: Crohn's disease (CD) is an inflammatory, progressive disorder requiring monitoring of treatment response and disease course. Gasdermin D (GSDMD), a protein belonging to the gasdermin protein family, plays a role in inflammatory cell death, and activation of GSDMD has been shown to be a component of the pathogenesis of …
The position of anti-tumor necrosis factor agents for the treatment of adult patients with Crohn's disease
Publication Year: 2025 Source: Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol PMID: 40418234 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2025.2511148
INTRODUCTION: Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF) is a significant systemic inflammatory cytokine in several immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD, Crohn's disease (CD), and ulcerative colitis) and was the first target approved for biologic therapy in IBD. AREAS COVERED: This article reviews the efficacy and safety of …
The importance of vitamin D levels in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Publication Year: 2025 Source: J Physiol Biochem PMID: 40418498 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-025-01096-5
The possible role of vitamin D (VD) in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and the associations between VD levels and IBD activity remain unclarified. We aimed to assess VD levels in IBD patients and their associations with IBD activity. We evaluated VD levels in Greek patients aged 18-75 …
Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG-driven remodeling of arginine metabolism mitigates gut barrier dysfunction
Publication Year: 2025 Source: Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol PMID: 40418622 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00366.2024
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) and gut barrier impairment are associated with changes in dietary tryptophan and arginine metabolism, but mechanisms of barrier perturbation and restoration are unclear. We show here that the widely consumed probiotic Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) enhances gut barrier functions in part through stimulating the intestinal arginine …
Emerging Targets for the Treatment of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Publication Year: 2025 Source: Semin Liver Dis PMID: 40418973
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a rare, progressive cholestatic disease of unknown etiology and characterized by inflammation and stricturing of intrahepatic and/or extrahepatic bile ducts. This process leads to bile duct scarring, progressive liver fibrosis, and end-stage liver disease. PSC is often associated with a specific form of inflammatory bowel …
Intestinal anti-inflammatory, histopathologic and anti-oxidative regulatory effects of total alkaloids extract from Linum usitatissimum L. (flaxseed) in vivo
Publication Year: 2025 Source: J Ethnopharmacol PMID: 40419207
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Linum usitatissimum L., commonly known as flaxseed, is a perennial herb in the Lineaceae family that has been traditionally used to manage gastrointestinal disorders and diarrhea. The health benefits and medicinal applications of flaxseed can be attributed to the presence of some beneficial compounds, such as omega-3 fatty …
Distal gut colonization by oral bacteria during intensive chemotherapy: direct evidence from strain-level analysis of paired samples
Publication Year: 2025 Source: NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes PMID: 40419513
Oral bacteria have been found in the colon in pathologies such as inflammatory bowel disease. To ascertain niche coalescence, 2 elements are essential: (i) paired oral/fecal samples and (ii) strain-level resolution. We profiled the microbiota in 283 samples from 39 patients undergoing intensive chemotherapy at baseline (saliva: 49, plaque: 51, …
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