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Bone Health in Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Publication Year: 2025 Source: Diagnostics (Basel) PMID: 40075827 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics15050580
Paediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is often complicated by bone loss resulting in an increased risk of fractures and impaired quality of life. Underlying inflammation, nutritional deficiencies and glucocorticoid therapy are some of the factors contributing to secondary osteoporosis in IBD. Optimising nutrition, dietary supplementation and timely screening are essential …
Composition, Influencing Factors, and Effects on Host Nutrient Metabolism of Fungi in Gastrointestinal Tract of Monogastric Animals
Publication Year: 2025 Source: Animals (Basel) PMID: 40075993 DOI: 10.3390/ani15050710
Intestinal fungi, collectively referred to as mycobiota, constitute a small (0.01-2%) but crucial component of the overall intestinal microbiota. While fungi are far less abundant than bacteria in the gut, the volume of an average fungal cell is roughly 100-fold greater than that of an average bacterial cell. They play …
Smooth Muscle Silent Information Regulator 1 Contributes to Colitis in Mice
Publication Year: 2025 Source: Int J Mol Sci PMID: 40076434 DOI: 10.3390/ijms26051807
Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are an essential component of the intestine, play an important role to maintain intestine structure, and produce peristaltic and segmentation movements. The silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) has a dual role along with possible mechanisms in the different experimental models of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, …
Genetic Polymorphisms (ApaI, FokI, BsmI, and TaqI) of the Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) Influence the Natural History and Phenotype of Crohn's Disease
Publication Year: 2025 Source: Int J Mol Sci PMID: 40076474 DOI: 10.3390/ijms26051848
Vitamin D receptor (VDR) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) modulate vitamin D/VDR signaling, a key pathway in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) pathogenesis. This study investigates how ApaI, BsmI, TaqI, and FokI SNPs affect IBD phenotype and progression. A total of 76 Crohn's disease (CD) and 68 ulcerative colitis (UC) patients were genotyped. …
A Novel Selenium-Based Nanozyme (GSH-Se) Ameliorates Colitis in Mice by Modulating the Nrf2/Keap1 and GPx4 Pathways
Publication Year: 2025 Source: Int J Mol Sci PMID: 40076493 DOI: 10.3390/ijms26051866
Combination of selenium (Se) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) can reduce the dose of Se used while concurrently exploiting their antioxidative performance, which can be used as a potential treatment for ulcerative colitis. Nanozymes possess higher stability, are more economical, and have more multifunctionalities than natural enzymes and thus could be …
Candida utilis Ameliorates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis in Mice via NF-κB/MAPK Suppression and Gut Microbiota Modulation
Publication Year: 2025 Source: Int J Mol Sci PMID: 40076616
Candida utilis (CUM) possesses various biological effects, including anti-inflammatory, intestinal microbiota regulatory, and immunomodulatory activities. However, there has been little exploration regarding the effects of CUM on ulcerative colitis (UC). Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the beneficial effects of CUM on alleviating dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC in mice …
The Role of Calprotectin in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Publication Year: 2025 Source: Int J Mol Sci PMID: 40076618 DOI: 10.3390/ijms26051996
The management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which is characterized by immunodeficiency, has attracted increasing attention, highlighting the necessity for more precise and streamlined diagnostic approaches in clinics. Calprotectin, an immune cell-derived protein with inherent anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties, plays a pivotal role in immune regulation and intestinal homeostasis. Its …
Impact of Estrogen on Purinergic Signaling in Microvascular Disease
Publication Year: 2025 Source: Int J Mol Sci PMID: 40076726 DOI: 10.3390/ijms26052105
Microvascular ischemia, especially in the heart and kidneys, is associated with inflammation and metabolic perturbation, resulting in cellular dysfunction and end-organ failure. Heightened production of adenosine from extracellular nucleotides released in response to inflammation results in protective effects, inclusive of adaptations to hypoxia, endothelial cell nitric oxide release with the …
Exploring the CDCA-Scd1 Axis: Molecular Mechanisms Linking the Colitis Microbiome to Neurological Deficits
Publication Year: 2025 Source: Int J Mol Sci PMID: 40076732
Inflammatory bowel disease is a risk factor for brain dysfunction; however, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, we aimed to explore the potential molecular mechanisms through which intestinal inflammation affects brain function and to verify these mechanisms. Mice were treated with multiple cycles of 1% w/v dextran …
Development of Anti-Inflammatory Agents Utilizing DC-SIGN Mediated IL-10 Secretion in Autoimmune and Immune-Mediated Disorders: Bridging Veterinary and Human Health
Publication Year: 2025 Source: Int J Mol Sci PMID: 40076949
DC-SIGN (dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing non-integrin) is a C-type lectin receptor expressed on dendritic cells and M2 macrophages, playing a key role in immune regulation and pathogen recognition. Its ability to mediate anti-inflammatory effects by interacting with specific ligands triggers pathways that suppress pro-inflammatory responses and promote tissue repair, …
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