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Ex vivo immunosuppressive effects of mesenchymal stem cells on Crohn's disease mucosal T cells are largely dependent on indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity and cell-cell contact.
Publication Year: Unknown Source: Stem cell research & therapy PMID: 26206376
INTRODUCTION: Crohn's disease (CD) is a disabling chronic enteropathy sustained by a harmful T-cell response toward antigens of the gut microbiota in genetically susceptible subjects. Growing evidence highlights the safety and possible efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a new therapeutic tool for this condition. Therefore, we aimed to …
The interplay between hepatic stellate cells and hepatocytes in an in vitro model of NASH.
Publication Year: Unknown Source: Toxicology in vitro : an international journal published in association with BIBRA PMID: 26187275
BACKGROUND & AIM: A complex interplay exists between hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells (HSC) in hepatic fibrogenesis. The activation of HSCs after liver injury leads to production of extracellular matrix (ECM). Co-culture models could be useful to mimic the liver microenvironment. This study evaluates the effect of free fatty acids …
Allogeneic Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Promote Healing of Refractory Perianal Fistulas in Patients With Crohn's Disease.
Publication Year: Unknown Source: Gastroenterology PMID: 26116801
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Patients with perianal fistulizing Crohn's disease have a poor prognosis because these lesions do not heal well. We evaluated the effects of local administration of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) to these patients from healthy donors in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. METHODS: Twenty-one patients with refractory …
Characterization of lipid metabolism in a novel immortalized human hepatocyte cell line.
Publication Year: Unknown Source: American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism PMID: 26126685
The development of hepatocyte cell models that represent fatty acid partitioning within the human liver would be beneficial for the study of the development and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We sought to develop and characterize a novel human liver cell line (LIV0APOLY) to establish a model of …
Gut/brain axis and the microbiota.
Publication Year: Unknown Source: The Journal of clinical investigation PMID: 25689247
Tremendous progress has been made in characterizing the bidirectional interactions between the central nervous system, the enteric nervous system, and the gastrointestinal tract. A series of provocative preclinical studies have suggested a prominent role for the gut microbiota in these gut-brain interactions. Based on studies using rodents raised in a …
Emerging roles of gut microbiota and the immune system in the development of the enteric nervous system.
Publication Year: Unknown Source: The Journal of clinical investigation PMID: 25729852
The enteric nervous system (ENS) consists of neurons and glial cells that differentiate from neural crest progenitors. During embryogenesis, development of the ENS is controlled by the interplay of neural crest cell-intrinsic factors and instructive cues from the surrounding gut mesenchyme. However, postnatal ENS development occurs in a different context, …
Selective Allosteric Inhibition of MMP9 Is Efficacious in Preclinical Models of Ulcerative Colitis and Colorectal Cancer.
Publication Year: Unknown Source: PloS one PMID: 25961845
Expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) is elevated in a variety of inflammatory and oncology indications, including ulcerative colitis and colorectal cancer. MMP9 is a downstream effector and an upstream mediator of pathways involved in growth and inflammation, and has long been viewed as a promising therapeutic target. However, previous …
Isolation of Exosomes from Blood Plasma: Qualitative and Quantitative Comparison of Ultracentrifugation and Size Exclusion Chromatography Methods.
Publication Year: Unknown Source: PloS one PMID: 26690353
BACKGROUND: Exosomes are emerging targets for biomedical research. However, suitable methods for the isolation of blood plasma-derived exosomes without impurities have not yet been described. AIM: Therefore, we investigated the efficiency and purity of exosomes isolated with potentially suitable methods; differential ultracentrifugation (UC) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). METHODS AND …
A modified choline-deficient, ethionine-supplemented diet reduces morbidity and retains a liver progenitor cell response in mice.
Publication Year: Unknown Source: Disease models & mechanisms PMID: 26496771
The choline-deficient, ethionine-supplemented (CDE) dietary model induces chronic liver damage, and stimulates liver progenitor cell (LPC)-mediated repair. Long-term CDE administration leads to hepatocellular carcinoma in rodents and lineage-tracing studies show that LPCs differentiate into functional hepatocytes in this model. The CDE diet was first modified for mice by our laboratory …
A diet-induced animal model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatocellular cancer.
Publication Year: Unknown Source: Journal of hepatology PMID: 27261415
BACKGROUND & AIMS: The lack of a preclinical model of progressive non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) that recapitulates human disease is a barrier to therapeutic development. METHODS: A stable isogenic cross between C57BL/6J (B6) and 129S1/SvImJ (S129) mice were fed a high fat diet with ad libitum consumption of glucose and fructose …
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