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Role and mechanisms of action of Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 in the maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis patients: An update.
Publication Year: Unknown Source: World journal of gastroenterology PMID: 27350728
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease, whose etiology is still unclear. Its pathogenesis involves an interaction between genetic factors, immune response and the "forgotten organ", Gut Microbiota. Several studies have been conducted to assess the role of antibiotics and probiotics as additional or alternative therapies for Ulcerative Colitis. …
Aminosalicylates for induction of remission or response in Crohn's disease.
Publication Year: Unknown Source: The Cochrane database of systematic reviews PMID: 27372735
BACKGROUND: Randomized trials investigating the efficacy of aminosalicylates for the treatment of mildly to moderately active Crohn's disease have yielded conflicting results. A systematic review was conducted to critically examine current available data on the efficacy of sulfasalazine and mesalamine for inducing remission or clinical response in these patients. OBJECTIVES: …
Characterization of primary human hepatocyte spheroids as a model system for drug-induced liver injury, liver function and disease.
Publication Year: Unknown Source: Scientific reports PMID: 27143246
Liver biology and function, drug-induced liver injury (DILI) and liver diseases are difficult to study using current in vitro models such as primary human hepatocyte (PHH) monolayer cultures, as their rapid de-differentiation restricts their usefulness substantially. Thus, we have developed and extensively characterized an easily scalable 3D PHH spheroid system …
Bioprinted 3D Primary Liver Tissues Allow Assessment of Organ-Level Response to Clinical Drug Induced Toxicity In Vitro.
Publication Year: Unknown Source: PloS one PMID: 27387377
Modeling clinically relevant tissue responses using cell models poses a significant challenge for drug development, in particular for drug induced liver injury (DILI). This is mainly because existing liver models lack longevity and tissue-level complexity which limits their utility in predictive toxicology. In this study, we established and characterized novel …
Update on Janus kinase antagonists in inflammatory bowel disease.
Publication Year: Unknown Source: Gastroenterology clinics of North America PMID: 25110261
Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors have emerged as a novel orally administered small-molecule therapy for the treatment of ulcerative colitis and possibly Crohn disease. These molecules are designed to selectively target the activity of specific JAKs and to offer a targeted mechanism of action without risk of immunogenicity. Based on data …
Cross-talk between RORgammat+ innate lymphoid cells and intestinal macrophages induces mucosal IL-22 production in Crohn's disease.
Publication Year: Unknown Source: Inflammatory bowel diseases PMID: 24991784
BACKGROUND: Interleukin (IL)-22-producing RORgammat innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) play a pivotal role in intestinal immunity. Recent reports demonstrated that ILCs contribute to mucosal protection and intestinal inflammation in mice. In humans, numbers of RORgammat ILCs are significantly increased in the intestine of patients with Crohn's disease (CD), suggesting that ILCs …
THP-1 cell line: an in vitro cell model for immune modulation approach.
Publication Year: Unknown Source: International immunopharmacology PMID: 25130606
THP-1 is a human leukemia monocytic cell line, which has been extensively used to study monocyte/macrophage functions, mechanisms, signaling pathways, and nutrient and drug transport. This cell line has become a common model to estimate modulation of monocyte and macrophage activities. This review attempts to summarize and discuss recent publications …
Functional Characterization of Organoids Derived From Irreversibly Damaged Liver of Patients With NASH.
Publication Year: Unknown Source: Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) PMID: 33901295
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: NASH will soon become the leading cause of liver transplantation in the United States and is also associated with increased COVID-19 mortality. Currently, there are no Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs available that slow NASH progression or address NASH liver involvement in COVID-19. Because animal models cannot …
Micropatterned Coculture With 3T3-J2 Fibroblasts Enhances Hepatic Functions and Drug Screening Utility of HepaRG Cells.
Publication Year: Unknown Source: Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology PMID: 33590212
Human liver models are useful for assessing compound metabolism/toxicity; however, primary human hepatocyte (PHH) lots are limited and highly variable in quality/viability. In contrast, cell lines, such as HepaRG, are cheaper and more reproducible surrogates for initial compound screening; however, hepatic functions and sensitivity for drug outcomes need improvement. Here, …
Human Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis on a Chip.
Publication Year: Unknown Source: Hepatology communications PMID: 33553970
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), an advanced stage of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is a rapidly growing and global health problem compounded by the current absence of specific treatments. A major limiting factor in the development of new NASH therapies is the absence of models that capture the unique cellular structure …
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