Research Article Details
| Article ID: | A13472 |
| PMID: | 29956211 |
| Source: | Adv Exp Med Biol |
| Title: | Autophagy, NAFLD and NAFLD-Related HCC. |
| Abstract: | Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) will become a dominant cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the coming decade. Whereas the exact molecular mechanisms underlying the progression from simple steatosis, through steatohepatitis, to HCC remains largely unclear, emerging evidence has supported a central role of defective autophagy in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and its complications. Autophagy not only regulates lipid metabolism and insulin resistance, but also protects hepatocytes from injury and cell death. Nevertheless, in inflammation and tumorigenesis, the role of autophagy is more paradoxical. In NAFLD, defective hepatic autophagy occurs at multiple levels through numerous mechanisms and is causally linked to NAFLD-related HCC. In this chapter, we summarize the regulation and function of autophagy in NAFLD and highlight recent identification of potential pharmacological agents for restoring autophagic flux in NAFLD. |
| DOI: | 10.1007/978-981-10-8684-7_10 |
| Strategy ID | Therapy Strategy | Synonyms | Therapy Targets | Therapy Drugs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S01 | Improve insulin resistance | insulin sensitizer; insulin resistance; glucose tolerance | Biguanide: increases 5-AMP activated protein kinase signaling; SGLT-2 inhibitor; Thiazalidinedione: selective PPAR-γ agonists; GLP-1 agonist | Metformin; Empagliflozin; Canagliflozin; Rosiglitazone; Pioglitazone; Liraglutide | Details |
| S02 | Enhance lipid metabolism | triglyceride-lowering; lipid tolerance; lipid metabolism | 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) inhibitor; Decreases intestinal cholesterol absorption; FXR agonist; ACC inhibitor; FAS inhibitor; DGAT2 inhibitor; SCD-1 inhibitor | Atorvastatin; Ezetimibe; Obeticholic Acid; GS-9674; GS-0976; TVB-2640; IONIS-DGAT2rx; Aramchol; | Details |
| S13 | Anti-apoptosis | hepatocyte apoptosis; hepatic autophagy; apoptosis | Pan-caspase inhibitor | Emricasan | Details |
| Target ID | Target Name | GENE | Action | Class | UniProtKB ID | Entry Name |
|---|
| Diseases ID | DO ID | Disease Name | Definition | Class | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I05 | 9352 | Type 2 diabetes mellitus | A diabetes that is characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. A diabetes mellitus that is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes_mellitus_type_2 | disease of metabolism/inherited metabolic disorder/ carbohydrate metabolic disorder/glucose metabolism disease/diabetes/ diabetes mellitus | Details |