Research Article Details
| Article ID: | A15845 |
| PMID: | 28685623 |
| Source: | Expert Opin Pharmacother |
| Title: | Cardiovascular disease prevention strategies for type 2 diabetes mellitus. |
| Abstract: | INTRODUCTION: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with several cardiovascular (CV) risk factors such as insulin resistance, obesity, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease as well as platelet and haemostatic abnormalities increasing the risk of thrombosis. Therefore, T2DM patients are at an increased risk for CV disease (CVD). Areas covered: This narrative review discusses the treatment of T2DM. This includes lifestyle measures (diet, exercise and smoking cessation) as well as hypolipidaemic, antihypertensive, weight reducing, antiplatelet and glucose lowering drugs. The focus is on the effects of these therapeutic strategies on CVD risk. Randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) reporting CVD outcomes with such drugs in T2DM patients are also reviewed. Expert opinion: Apart from current guidelines, the findings of RCTs on CVD outcomes in T2DM patients should be taken into consideration in daily clinical practice. Multiple risk factors should be targeted simultaneously in such high-risk patients in order to efficiently reduce the risk of CV events. |
| DOI: | 10.1080/14656566.2017.1351946 |
| Strategy ID | Therapy Strategy | Synonyms | Therapy Targets | Therapy Drugs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S08 | Lifestyle measures | Lifestyle intervention; weight loss; diet adaptation; dietary interventions; lifestyle modifications; Exercise | -- | -- | Details |
| S01 | Improve insulin resistance | insulin sensitizer; insulin resistance; glucose tolerance | Biguanide: increases 5-AMP activated protein kinase signaling; SGLT-2 inhibitor; Thiazalidinedione: selective PPAR-γ agonists; GLP-1 agonist | Metformin; Empagliflozin; Canagliflozin; Rosiglitazone; Pioglitazone; Liraglutide | Details |
| Diseases ID | DO ID | Disease Name | Definition | Class | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I12 | 10763 | Hypertension | An artery disease characterized by chronic elevated blood pressure in the arteries. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertension, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24352797 | disease of anatomical entity/ cardiovascular system disease/vascular disease/ artery disease | Details |
| I05 | 9352 | Type 2 diabetes mellitus | A diabetes that is characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. A diabetes mellitus that is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes_mellitus_type_2 | disease of metabolism/inherited metabolic disorder/ carbohydrate metabolic disorder/glucose metabolism disease/diabetes/ diabetes mellitus | Details |
| I14 | 9970 | Obesity | An overnutrition that is characterized by excess body fat, traditionally defined as an elevated ratio of weight to height (specifically 30 kilograms per meter squared), has_material_basis_in a multifactorial etiology related to excess nutrition intake, decreased caloric utilization, and genetic susceptibility, and possibly medications and certain disorders of metabolism, endocrine function, and mental illness. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obesity | disease of metabolism/acquired metabolic disease/ nutrition disease/overnutrition | Details |
| Drug ID | Drug Name | Type | DrugBank ID | Targets | Category | Latest Progress | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D579 | Emfilermin | Miscellany | -- | adipocytes | Enhance lipid metabolism | Under investigation | Details |
| D182 | Insulin | Biological drug | DB00030 | INSR agonist; CPE modulator&product of | -- | Under clinical trials | Details |
| D094 | Cysteamine | Chemical drug | DB00847 | GSS stimulant | Renal drug | Under clinical trials | Details |
| D095 | Cysteamine bitartrate | Chemical drug | DB00847 | -- | -- | Under clinical trials | Details |