Research Article Details
| Article ID: | A18387 |
| PMID: | 27169860 |
| Source: | BMC Res Notes |
| Title: | Subclinical inflammation in relation to insulin resistance in prediabetic subjects with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. |
| Abstract: | BACKGROUND: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a metabolic disease commonly associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and inflammation-all features of insulin resistant syndrome. However, very limited data are available regarding the association of subclinical inflammation and insulin resistance with NAFLD in a prediabetic state. We, therefore, conducted the study to assess this relationship among this population. METHODS: We studied a cross-sectional analytical design of 140 [male/female, 77/63; age in years (ranges), 45 (25-68)] prediabetic subjects after confirming with 75 g oral glucose tolerance test. The diagnosis of NAFLD was made by ultrasonic examination of the liver and divided into groups of without NAFLD (n = 63) and NAFLD (n = 77). All individuals underwent anthropometric and clinical examinations. Among laboratory investigations, serum glucose was estimated by glucose oxidase method, serum lipid profile and liver enzymes were measured by the enzymatic colorimetric method and glycated hemoglobin was measured by high performance liquid chromatography technique. Serum insulin and high sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP) were measured by enzyme immunoassay technique. Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA). RESULTS: There was significantly higher levels of hsCRP (2.82 ± 1.60 vs. 1.39 ± 0.66 mg/l, P < 0.001) and HOMA-IR (4.03 ± 1.39 vs. 1.98 ± 1.04, P < 0.001) in NAFLD subjects compared to their without NAFLD counterparts. hsCRP [odds ratio (OR) = 5.888, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 2.673-12.970, P < 0.001] and HOMA-IR (OR = 4.618, 95 % CI 2.657-8.024, P < 0.001) showed significant determinants of NAFLD after potential confounders of body mass index and triglyceride were adjusted. CONCLUSIONS: Subclinical chronic inflammation and insulin resistance seem to be independent mediators of the association between NAFLD and prediabetes. The data also indicate that the inflammatory condition and insulin resistance are associated with each other and these, in turn, are affected by adiposity and dyslipidemia in prediabetic subjects. |
| DOI: | 10.1186/s13104-016-2071-x |
| Strategy ID | Therapy Strategy | Synonyms | Therapy Targets | Therapy Drugs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S01 | Improve insulin resistance | insulin sensitizer; insulin resistance; glucose tolerance | Biguanide: increases 5-AMP activated protein kinase signaling; SGLT-2 inhibitor; Thiazalidinedione: selective PPAR-γ agonists; GLP-1 agonist | Metformin; Empagliflozin; Canagliflozin; Rosiglitazone; Pioglitazone; Liraglutide | Details |
| S05 | Anti-inflammatory | inflammatory | Bile acid; TNF-a inhibitor; Dual PPAR-α and -δ agonists; Toll-Like Receptor; (TLR)-4 antagonist; Caspase inhibitor; ASK-1 inhibitor | Ursodeoxycholic Acid; Pentoxifylline; Elafibranor; JKB-121; Emricasan; Selonsertib; | Details |
| Target ID | Target Name | GENE | Action | Class | UniProtKB ID | Entry Name |
|---|
| Diseases ID | DO ID | Disease Name | Definition | Class | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I13 | 3146 | Lipid metabolism disorder | An inherited metabolic disorder that involves the creation and degradation of lipids. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid_metabolism | disease of metabolism/ inherited metabolic disorder | Details |
| I05 | 9352 | Type 2 diabetes mellitus | A diabetes that is characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. A diabetes mellitus that is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes_mellitus_type_2 | disease of metabolism/inherited metabolic disorder/ carbohydrate metabolic disorder/glucose metabolism disease/diabetes/ diabetes mellitus | Details |
| I14 | 9970 | Obesity | An overnutrition that is characterized by excess body fat, traditionally defined as an elevated ratio of weight to height (specifically 30 kilograms per meter squared), has_material_basis_in a multifactorial etiology related to excess nutrition intake, decreased caloric utilization, and genetic susceptibility, and possibly medications and certain disorders of metabolism, endocrine function, and mental illness. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obesity | disease of metabolism/acquired metabolic disease/ nutrition disease/overnutrition | Details |
| Drug ID | Drug Name | Type | DrugBank ID | Targets | Category | Latest Progress | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D328 | Serine | Chemical drug | DB00133 | SRR | Improve insulin resistance | Under clinical trials | Details |
| D182 | Insulin | Biological drug | DB00030 | INSR agonist; CPE modulator&product of | -- | Under clinical trials | Details |
| D094 | Cysteamine | Chemical drug | DB00847 | GSS stimulant | Renal drug | Under clinical trials | Details |
| D095 | Cysteamine bitartrate | Chemical drug | DB00847 | -- | -- | Under clinical trials | Details |