Research Article Details
| Article ID: | A21036 |
| PMID: | 25563143 |
| Source: | Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol |
| Title: | Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease as a potential risk factor of cardiovascular disease. |
| Abstract: | Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the hepatic component of the metabolic syndrome. The aim of this review is to summarize the available data linking NAFLD with cardiovascular disease (CVD). The following topics are reviewed: (a) the clinical evidence linking NAFLD to increased prevalence of CVD; (b) the relationship between NAFLD (which is diagnosed by liver biopsy, serum liver enzymes, or ultrasonography) and incidence of CVD; (c) the mechanism linking NAFLD to CVD and clinical implication; and (d) the potential impact of NAFLD treatment on cardiac complications. CVD dictates the outcome (or outcomes) in patients with NAFLD more frequently and to a greater extent than does the progression of liver disease. NAFLD patients have a higher risk of all-cause death than the general population, mainly because of CVD or liver-related causes. The biologic mechanism linking NAFLD and CVD might be associated with various factors, involving a complex interaction among insulin resistance, oxidative stress, abnormal adipocytokine profile, endothelial dysfunction, lipid abnormalities, and activation of inflammatory cascade. Lifestyle modifications and pharmacotherapy are helpful to treat patients with NAFLD. NAFLD is likely to be associated with an increased risk of CVD, and raises the possibility that NAFLD may not only be a marker but also an early mediator of CVD. |
| DOI: | 10.1097/MEG.0000000000000254 |
| Strategy ID | Therapy Strategy | Synonyms | Therapy Targets | Therapy Drugs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S08 | Lifestyle measures | Lifestyle intervention; weight loss; diet adaptation; dietary interventions; lifestyle modifications; Exercise | -- | -- | Details |
| S01 | Improve insulin resistance | insulin sensitizer; insulin resistance; glucose tolerance | Biguanide: increases 5-AMP activated protein kinase signaling; SGLT-2 inhibitor; Thiazalidinedione: selective PPAR-γ agonists; GLP-1 agonist | Metformin; Empagliflozin; Canagliflozin; Rosiglitazone; Pioglitazone; Liraglutide | Details |
| S04 | Anti-oxidative stress | oxidative stress | α-tocopherol: antioxidant | Vitamin E | Details |
| S05 | Anti-inflammatory | inflammatory | Bile acid; TNF-a inhibitor; Dual PPAR-α and -δ agonists; Toll-Like Receptor; (TLR)-4 antagonist; Caspase inhibitor; ASK-1 inhibitor | Ursodeoxycholic Acid; Pentoxifylline; Elafibranor; JKB-121; Emricasan; Selonsertib; | Details |
| Target ID | Target Name | GENE | Action | Class | UniProtKB ID | Entry Name |
|---|
| Diseases ID | DO ID | Disease Name | Definition | Class | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I05 | 9352 | Type 2 diabetes mellitus | A diabetes that is characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. A diabetes mellitus that is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes_mellitus_type_2 | disease of metabolism/inherited metabolic disorder/ carbohydrate metabolic disorder/glucose metabolism disease/diabetes/ diabetes mellitus | Details |
| I14 | 9970 | Obesity | An overnutrition that is characterized by excess body fat, traditionally defined as an elevated ratio of weight to height (specifically 30 kilograms per meter squared), has_material_basis_in a multifactorial etiology related to excess nutrition intake, decreased caloric utilization, and genetic susceptibility, and possibly medications and certain disorders of metabolism, endocrine function, and mental illness. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obesity | disease of metabolism/acquired metabolic disease/ nutrition disease/overnutrition | Details |
| Drug ID | Drug Name | Type | DrugBank ID | Targets | Category | Latest Progress | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D328 | Serine | Chemical drug | DB00133 | SRR | Improve insulin resistance | Under clinical trials | Details |
| D579 | Emfilermin | Miscellany | -- | adipocytes | Enhance lipid metabolism | Under investigation | Details |
| D182 | Insulin | Biological drug | DB00030 | INSR agonist; CPE modulator&product of | -- | Under clinical trials | Details |