Research Article Details
| Article ID: | A21457 |
| PMID: | 25307311 |
| Source: | Mini Rev Med Chem |
| Title: | Long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in pediatric metabolic syndrome. |
| Abstract: | Concomitantly with the increasing prevalence of childhood obesity, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is rising among children and adolescents, leading to fears for future epidemics of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease in the young. MetS includes central obesity, hypertension, low HDL cholesterol, high triglycerides, and elevated concentrations of fasting blood glucose. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is the most common cause of chronic liver disease both in adults and children, is currently considered as the hepatic component of MetS. Growing evidence suggests that n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) may have a beneficial role on many factors associated with MetS, including circulating lipids and low-grade chronic inflammation. Recently, there has also been growing interest in n-3 LC-PUFAs supplementation as potential treatment for NAFLD, which is pathogenically linked to insulin resistance and involves inflammation in its advanced stages. Problems of adherence to lifestyle interventions, especially in children, and side effects with pharmacological agents make the dietary fish oil supplementation a simple and practical alternative therapy. Fish oil provides a convenient source of essential n-3 LCPUFA with few side effects, and may directly decrease circulating lipids, hepatic lipogenesis and steatosis, and chronic inflammation. In this review, we examine observational and interventional studies assessing in children and adolescents the potential impact of dietary n-3 PUFA supplementation on MetS components including NAFLD, and discuss the mechanisms underlying the actions of n-3 LC- PUFA on multiple risk factors associated with MetS. |
| DOI: |
| Strategy ID | Therapy Strategy | Synonyms | Therapy Targets | Therapy Drugs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S08 | Lifestyle measures | Lifestyle intervention; weight loss; diet adaptation; dietary interventions; lifestyle modifications; Exercise | -- | -- | Details |
| S01 | Improve insulin resistance | insulin sensitizer; insulin resistance; glucose tolerance | Biguanide: increases 5-AMP activated protein kinase signaling; SGLT-2 inhibitor; Thiazalidinedione: selective PPAR-γ agonists; GLP-1 agonist | Metformin; Empagliflozin; Canagliflozin; Rosiglitazone; Pioglitazone; Liraglutide | Details |
| Diseases ID | DO ID | Disease Name | Definition | Class | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I12 | 10763 | Hypertension | An artery disease characterized by chronic elevated blood pressure in the arteries. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertension, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24352797 | disease of anatomical entity/ cardiovascular system disease/vascular disease/ artery disease | Details |
| I05 | 9352 | Type 2 diabetes mellitus | A diabetes that is characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. A diabetes mellitus that is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes_mellitus_type_2 | disease of metabolism/inherited metabolic disorder/ carbohydrate metabolic disorder/glucose metabolism disease/diabetes/ diabetes mellitus | Details |
| I14 | 9970 | Obesity | An overnutrition that is characterized by excess body fat, traditionally defined as an elevated ratio of weight to height (specifically 30 kilograms per meter squared), has_material_basis_in a multifactorial etiology related to excess nutrition intake, decreased caloric utilization, and genetic susceptibility, and possibly medications and certain disorders of metabolism, endocrine function, and mental illness. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obesity | disease of metabolism/acquired metabolic disease/ nutrition disease/overnutrition | Details |
| Drug ID | Drug Name | Type | DrugBank ID | Targets | Category | Latest Progress | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D258 | Omega 3 PUFA | Chemical drug | DB11133 | PPARG ligand; PPARA activator | Hypolipidemic drug | Under clinical trials | Details |
| D579 | Emfilermin | Miscellany | -- | adipocytes | Enhance lipid metabolism | Under investigation | Details |
| D328 | Serine | Chemical drug | DB00133 | SRR | Improve insulin resistance | Under clinical trials | Details |
| D137 | Fish oil | Biological drug | DB13961 | -- | -- | Under clinical trials | Details |
| D182 | Insulin | Biological drug | DB00030 | INSR agonist; CPE modulator&product of | -- | Under clinical trials | Details |
| D504 | Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids | Supplement | -- | -- | -- | Under clinical trials | Details |
| D125 | Epanova | Chemical drug | DB11133 | PPARG ligand; PPARA activator | Enhance lipid metabolism | Under clinical trials | Details |