Research Article Details
| Article ID: | A22874 |
| PMID: | 24262589 |
| Source: | Clin Nutr |
| Title: | Diets and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: the good and the bad. |
| Abstract: | Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now described as the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome and is the most frequent chronic liver disease, affecting about one out of three people in the western world. NAFLD is strongly linked to insulin resistance, which represents a key risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes. To date, there are no reliable and efficient pharmacotherapies in the treatment of NAFLD. However, obesity, which represents one of the main features of the metabolic syndrome, is strongly associated with NAFLD. Therefore, lifestyle modifications, i.e. weight loss and increased physical activity, are the very first clinical approaches aiming at treating NAFLD. However, although weight loss is beneficial in NAFLD, certain diets known to induce weight loss can actually cause or exacerbate this disease, and therefore induce insulin resistance, such as very low carbohydrate, high fat diets. Moreover, macronutrient diet composition can impact NAFLD without any change in body weight. Indeed, diets rich in fatty acids, particularly saturated, or in refined carbohydrates such as those found in soft drinks, can actually exacerbate NAFLD. The aim of this review is to discuss the role of weight loss and macronutrients modifications, particularly the role of fat and carbohydrate diet composition, in the treatment of NAFLD. |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.clnu.2013.11.003 |
| Strategy ID | Therapy Strategy | Synonyms | Therapy Targets | Therapy Drugs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S08 | Lifestyle measures | Lifestyle intervention; weight loss; diet adaptation; dietary interventions; lifestyle modifications; Exercise | -- | -- | Details |
| S01 | Improve insulin resistance | insulin sensitizer; insulin resistance; glucose tolerance | Biguanide: increases 5-AMP activated protein kinase signaling; SGLT-2 inhibitor; Thiazalidinedione: selective PPAR-γ agonists; GLP-1 agonist | Metformin; Empagliflozin; Canagliflozin; Rosiglitazone; Pioglitazone; Liraglutide | Details |
| Target ID | Target Name | GENE | Action | Class | UniProtKB ID | Entry Name |
|---|
| Diseases ID | DO ID | Disease Name | Definition | Class | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I05 | 9352 | Type 2 diabetes mellitus | A diabetes that is characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. A diabetes mellitus that is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes_mellitus_type_2 | disease of metabolism/inherited metabolic disorder/ carbohydrate metabolic disorder/glucose metabolism disease/diabetes/ diabetes mellitus | Details |
| I14 | 9970 | Obesity | An overnutrition that is characterized by excess body fat, traditionally defined as an elevated ratio of weight to height (specifically 30 kilograms per meter squared), has_material_basis_in a multifactorial etiology related to excess nutrition intake, decreased caloric utilization, and genetic susceptibility, and possibly medications and certain disorders of metabolism, endocrine function, and mental illness. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obesity | disease of metabolism/acquired metabolic disease/ nutrition disease/overnutrition | Details |