Research Article Details
| Article ID: | A26439 |
| PMID: | 20460919 |
| Source: | Dig Dis |
| Title: | Animal models of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: of mice and man. |
| Abstract: | The epidemic occurrence of obesity has led to a rapid increase in the incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in industrial countries. The disease spectrum includes hepatic steatosis, lobular inflammation with steatohepatitis (NASH) and varying degrees of liver fibrosis, which can progress to cirrhosis. Hepatocellular carcinoma can develop in patients with NASH, even in the absence of cirrhosis. The majority of patients with primary NASH exhibit risk factors that define the metabolic syndrome including insulin resistance and visceral obesity. However, only a minority of patients with NAFLD progress to end-stage liver disease and, so far, predictors to identify these patients are not available. The course of disease progression appears to be slow and develops progressively over years, modulated by genetic susceptibility, nutritional misbehavior and environmental factors. Although risk factors have been identified in epidemiological studies, little is known about disease initiation and progression. This review summarizes the existing animal models of NAFLD, focusing on genetic and dietary models, and discusses their applicability in studying signaling events involved in steatohepatitis. Despite the shortcomings inherent to all experimental models, research in this field has helped to identify potential therapeutic targets and, thus, contributed significantly to our understanding of this disease. The validation and search for new in vivo and in vitro models will propagate the understanding of NASH and help clinicians to develop new treatment modalities. |
| DOI: | 10.1159/000282097 |
| Strategy ID | Therapy Strategy | Synonyms | Therapy Targets | Therapy Drugs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S01 | Improve insulin resistance | insulin sensitizer; insulin resistance; glucose tolerance | Biguanide: increases 5-AMP activated protein kinase signaling; SGLT-2 inhibitor; Thiazalidinedione: selective PPAR-γ agonists; GLP-1 agonist | Metformin; Empagliflozin; Canagliflozin; Rosiglitazone; Pioglitazone; Liraglutide | Details |
| S03 | Anti-fibrosis | fibrosis | Angiotensin Receptor Blocker (ARB); CCR2/CCR5 antagonist; Thyroid receptor β agonist; PEGylated human FGF21 analogue; Monoclonal antibody to lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2); Galectin-3 inhibitor; FGF19 variant | Losartan; Cenicriviroc; VK-2809; MGL-3196; Pegbelfermin; Simtuzumab; GR-MD-02; NGM282 | Details |
| Diseases ID | DO ID | Disease Name | Definition | Class | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I05 | 9352 | Type 2 diabetes mellitus | A diabetes that is characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. A diabetes mellitus that is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes_mellitus_type_2 | disease of metabolism/inherited metabolic disorder/ carbohydrate metabolic disorder/glucose metabolism disease/diabetes/ diabetes mellitus | Details |
| I14 | 9970 | Obesity | An overnutrition that is characterized by excess body fat, traditionally defined as an elevated ratio of weight to height (specifically 30 kilograms per meter squared), has_material_basis_in a multifactorial etiology related to excess nutrition intake, decreased caloric utilization, and genetic susceptibility, and possibly medications and certain disorders of metabolism, endocrine function, and mental illness. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obesity | disease of metabolism/acquired metabolic disease/ nutrition disease/overnutrition | Details |
| Drug ID | Drug Name | Type | DrugBank ID | Targets | Category | Latest Progress | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D545 | Pig placenta extract | Biological extract | -- | -- | -- | Under clinical trials | Details |
| D075 | Choline | Supplement | DB00122 | PLD2 product of; PLD1 product of | -- | Under clinical trials | Details |
| D182 | Insulin | Biological drug | DB00030 | INSR agonist; CPE modulator&product of | -- | Under clinical trials | Details |