Research Article Details

Article ID: A27630
PMID: 17877502
Source: Hepatol Res
Title: Epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma in USA.
Abstract: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is increasing in frequency the USA. Age-adjusted incidence, hospitalization, and mortality rates have doubled over the past two decades. There are striking differences in the incidence of HCC related to age, gender, race, and geographic region. Although it remains an affliction of the elderly (mean age 65), there has been a considerable shift toward younger cases. There is a birth cohort effect with those born after 1945. Men are affected three times more frequently than women, Asians two times more than African American and Hispanic people, who are affected two times more often than Caucasians. However, the recent increase has disproportionately affected Caucasian (and Hispanic) men between ages 45 and 65. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection acquired 2-4 decades ago explains at least half of the observed increase in HCC; HCV-related HCC is likely tocontinue to increase for the next decade. A variable but significant proportion of cases (15-50%) do not have evidence for the risk factors of either viral hepatitis or heavy alcohol consumption. Insulin resistance syndrome manifesting as obesity and diabetes is emerging as a risk factor for HCC in the USA and may operate through the formation of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); however, its effect on the current trend in HCC remains unclear. While there has been a small recent improvement in survival, it remains generally dismal (median 8 months). Population-based data in the USA indicate low application rate of HCC potentially curative therapy and marked regional differences.
DOI: 10.1111/j.1872-034X.2007.00168.x

Strategy ID Therapy Strategy Synonyms Therapy Targets Therapy Drugs
S01 Improve insulin resistance insulin sensitizer; insulin resistance; glucose tolerance Biguanide: increases 5-AMP activated protein kinase signaling; SGLT-2 inhibitor; Thiazalidinedione: selective PPAR-γ agonists; GLP-1 agonist Metformin; Empagliflozin; Canagliflozin; Rosiglitazone; Pioglitazone; Liraglutide Details

Target ID Target Name GENE Action Class UniProtKB ID Entry Name

Diseases ID DO ID Disease Name Definition Class
I05 9352 Type 2 diabetes mellitus A diabetes that is characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. A diabetes mellitus that is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes_mellitus_type_2 disease of metabolism/inherited metabolic disorder/ carbohydrate metabolic disorder/glucose metabolism disease/diabetes/ diabetes mellitus Details
I14 9970 Obesity An overnutrition that is characterized by excess body fat, traditionally defined as an elevated ratio of weight to height (specifically 30 kilograms per meter squared), has_material_basis_in a multifactorial etiology related to excess nutrition intake, decreased caloric utilization, and genetic susceptibility, and possibly medications and certain disorders of metabolism, endocrine function, and mental illness. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obesity disease of metabolism/acquired metabolic disease/ nutrition disease/overnutrition Details

Drug ID Drug Name Type DrugBank ID Targets Category Latest Progress
D328 Serine Chemical drug DB00133 SRR Improve insulin resistance Under clinical trials Details
D182 Insulin Biological drug DB00030 INSR agonist; CPE modulator&product of -- Under clinical trials Details
D094 Cysteamine Chemical drug DB00847 GSS stimulant Renal drug Under clinical trials Details
D095 Cysteamine bitartrate Chemical drug DB00847 -- -- Under clinical trials Details