Research Article Details
| Article ID: | A27710 |
| PMID: | 17596883 |
| Source: | Hepatology |
| Title: | A comparison of associations of alanine aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase with fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and glycated hemoglobin in women with and without diabetes. |
| Abstract: | UNLABELLED: Associations between biomarkers of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), with 3 separate measures of glucose homeostasis: fasting glucose, fasting insulin and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were studied and compared between women with and without diabetes in order to gain insight into the documented associations between NAFLD, insulin resistance and diabetes. Data from the British Women's Health and Heart Study, a random sample of British women aged 60-79 years (N = 3394; 3086 without diabetes and 308 with diabetes) was used. Associations of ALT and GGT with fasting glucose and HbA1c and of ALT with fasting insulin (and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance [HOMA]) are stronger in women with diabetes compared to women without diabetes (P for interaction < 0.001). GGT is associated with fasting insulin (and HOMA) to the same extent in all women, irrespective of diabetes status. Results excluding hyperinsulinemic women, i.e., in the highest fourth of the fasting insulin distribution, were similar to those obtained for all non-diabetic women as were results excluding women in the highest quartile of the alcohol consumption distribution and for women with ALT and GGT levels within the normal range. Associations did not differ substantially between obese and non-obese non-diabetic women. CONCLUSION: elevation of liver enzymes and hepatic insulin resistance as reflected by fasting insulin occur in the early stages of insulin resistance and highlight the central role of the liver in insulin resistance in the general population. |
| DOI: | 10.1002/hep.21667 |
| Strategy ID | Therapy Strategy | Synonyms | Therapy Targets | Therapy Drugs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S01 | Improve insulin resistance | insulin sensitizer; insulin resistance; glucose tolerance | Biguanide: increases 5-AMP activated protein kinase signaling; SGLT-2 inhibitor; Thiazalidinedione: selective PPAR-γ agonists; GLP-1 agonist | Metformin; Empagliflozin; Canagliflozin; Rosiglitazone; Pioglitazone; Liraglutide | Details |
| Diseases ID | DO ID | Disease Name | Definition | Class | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I05 | 9352 | Type 2 diabetes mellitus | A diabetes that is characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. A diabetes mellitus that is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes_mellitus_type_2 | disease of metabolism/inherited metabolic disorder/ carbohydrate metabolic disorder/glucose metabolism disease/diabetes/ diabetes mellitus | Details |
| Drug ID | Drug Name | Type | DrugBank ID | Targets | Category | Latest Progress | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D199 | L-alanine | Chemical drug | DB00160 | KYNU | -- | Failed in clinical trials | Details |
| D182 | Insulin | Biological drug | DB00030 | INSR agonist; CPE modulator&product of | -- | Under clinical trials | Details |
| D316 | S-adenosyl-L-methionine | Chemical drug | DB00118 | GNMT cofactor | Antiviral | Under clinical trials | Details |
| D094 | Cysteamine | Chemical drug | DB00847 | GSS stimulant | Renal drug | Under clinical trials | Details |
| D095 | Cysteamine bitartrate | Chemical drug | DB00847 | -- | -- | Under clinical trials | Details |