Research Article Details
| Article ID: | A46470 |
| PMID: | 18408460 |
| Source: | Curr Opin Gastroenterol |
| Title: | Recent advances in nonalcholic fatty liver disease. |
| Abstract: | PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The purpose of this review is to summarize recent advances in defining the clinical features, pathophysiology, natural history, and treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. RECENT FINDINGS: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is present in approximately 30% of the US population. A histologic grading and staging system has been developed and validated. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease increases the risk of developing the metabolic syndrome. The presence and severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease correlates with the severity of obesity, fat distribution, age, and presence of other features of the metabolic syndrome. Fifteen to 20% of subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis develop cirrhosis. Hepatic steatosis is associated with an increase in both free fatty acid delivery to the liver for re-esterification and increased de-novo lipogenesis. Several mechanisms of hepatocyte injury and death including free fatty acid toxicity, increased free cholesterol, cytokine-mediated injury and activation of the unfolded protein response have been defined. While many therapeutic targets have been identified and pilot studies performed, a definitive treatment for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis remains to be established. SUMMARY: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is a widely prevalent disease that is critically linked to insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome. While much new information on the pathogenesis and natural history of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is available, an effective therapy remains to be established. |
| DOI: | 10.1097/MOG.0b013e3282fbccf2 |
| Strategy ID | Therapy Strategy | Synonyms | Therapy Targets | Therapy Drugs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S01 | Improve insulin resistance | insulin sensitizer; insulin resistance; glucose tolerance | Biguanide: increases 5-AMP activated protein kinase signaling; SGLT-2 inhibitor; Thiazalidinedione: selective PPAR-γ agonists; GLP-1 agonist | Metformin; Empagliflozin; Canagliflozin; Rosiglitazone; Pioglitazone; Liraglutide | Details |
| Target ID | Target Name | GENE | Action | Class | UniProtKB ID | Entry Name |
|---|
| Diseases ID | DO ID | Disease Name | Definition | Class | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I05 | 9352 | Type 2 diabetes mellitus | A diabetes that is characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. A diabetes mellitus that is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes_mellitus_type_2 | disease of metabolism/inherited metabolic disorder/ carbohydrate metabolic disorder/glucose metabolism disease/diabetes/ diabetes mellitus | Details |
| I14 | 9970 | Obesity | An overnutrition that is characterized by excess body fat, traditionally defined as an elevated ratio of weight to height (specifically 30 kilograms per meter squared), has_material_basis_in a multifactorial etiology related to excess nutrition intake, decreased caloric utilization, and genetic susceptibility, and possibly medications and certain disorders of metabolism, endocrine function, and mental illness. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obesity | disease of metabolism/acquired metabolic disease/ nutrition disease/overnutrition | Details |