Research Article Details
| Article ID: | A48530 |
| PMID: | 34647189 |
| Source: | Diabetes Ther |
| Title: | Are the Protean Effects of Pentoxifylline in the Therapy of Diabetes and Its Complications Still Relevant? |
| Abstract: | Pentoxifylline (Px) has protean effects that can be utilized in the therapy of diabetes and its complications. There have been well-documented but often inconclusive improvements in peripheral arterial disease, foot ulcers, peripheral neuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy, ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease. In addition, non-alcoholic steatosis and steatohepatitis, which are closely associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, have been shown to improve with pentoxifylline. Surprisingly, pentoxifylline modestly improves insulin resistance through improvements in capillary blood flow as well as beta cell function and decreased hepatic glucose production. The therapeutic effects of pentoxifylline are complementary to the effects of drugs such as blockers of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system when utilized in the therapy of diabetic nephropathy. |
| DOI: | 10.1007/s13300-021-01168-x |
| Strategy ID | Therapy Strategy | Synonyms | Therapy Targets | Therapy Drugs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S01 | Improve insulin resistance | insulin sensitizer; insulin resistance; glucose tolerance | Biguanide: increases 5-AMP activated protein kinase signaling; SGLT-2 inhibitor; Thiazalidinedione: selective PPAR-γ agonists; GLP-1 agonist | Metformin; Empagliflozin; Canagliflozin; Rosiglitazone; Pioglitazone; Liraglutide | Details |
| Target ID | Target Name | GENE | Action | Class | UniProtKB ID | Entry Name |
|---|
| Diseases ID | DO ID | Disease Name | Definition | Class | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I16 | 6713 | Cerebrovascular disease | An vascular disease that is characterized by dysfunction of the blood vessels supplying the brain. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebrovascular_disease, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK378/ | disease of anatomical entity/ cardiovascular system disease/ vascular disease/cerebrovascular disease | Details |
| I05 | 9352 | Type 2 diabetes mellitus | A diabetes that is characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. A diabetes mellitus that is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes_mellitus_type_2 | disease of metabolism/inherited metabolic disorder/ carbohydrate metabolic disorder/glucose metabolism disease/diabetes/ diabetes mellitus | Details |
| Drug ID | Drug Name | Type | DrugBank ID | Targets | Category | Latest Progress | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D266 | Pentoxifylline | Chemical drug | DB00806 | ADORA2A antagonist; ADORA1 antagonist; PDE4A inhibitor; PDE3B inhibitor; PDE4B inhibitor; PDE5A inhibitor; PDE8A inhibitor; PDE4C inhibitor; PDE11A inhibitor; PDE7A inhibitor; PDE7B inhibitor; PDE4D inhibitor; PDE3A inhibitor | Anti-inflammatory; Cardiovascular drug | Under clinical trials | Details |
| D182 | Insulin | Biological drug | DB00030 | INSR agonist; CPE modulator&product of | -- | Under clinical trials | Details |