Research Article Details
| Article ID: | A05029 |
| PMID: | 33404166 |
| Source: | Int J Clin Pract |
| Title: | The association of the adipokine zinc-alpha2-glycoprotein with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and related risk factors: A comprehensive systematic review. |
| Abstract: | BACKGROUND AND AIM: The adipokine zinc-alpha2-glycoprotein (ZAG), a multidisciplinary protein, is involved in lipid metabolism, glucose homeostasis and energy balance. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that the expression of ZAG is mainly downregulated in obesity and obesity-related conditions. In the present study, we assessed the association of ZAG with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the related risk factors including obesity, metabolic factors and inflammatory parameters, with emphasis on potential mechanisms underlying these associations. METHODS: PRISMA guidelines were followed in this review. Systematic searches were performed using the PubMed/Medline, ScienceDirect, Scopus, EMBASE, ProQuest and Google Scholar databases, up to August 2020 for all relevant published papers. RESULTS: Out of 362 records screened, 34 articles were included in the final analysis. According to the studies reviewed here, ZAG appears to exert a protective effect against NAFLD by enhancing mRNA expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) and PPARγ, promoting mRNA expression levels of the lipolysis-related genes, reducing mRNA expression levels of the lipogenesis-related genes, increasing hepatic fatty acid oxidation, ameliorating hepatic steatosis, promoting the activity of brown adipose tissue and the expression of thermogenesis-related genes, modulating energy balance and glucose homeostasis, and elevating plasma levels of healthy adipokines such as adiponectin. ZAG can also be involved in the regulation of inflammatory responses by attenuation of the expression of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic mediators. CONCLUSION: According to the studies reviewed here, ZAG is suggested to be a promising therapeutic target for NAFLD. However, the favourable effects of ZAG need to be confirmed in prospective cohort studies. |
| DOI: | 10.1111/ijcp.13985 |
| Strategy ID | Therapy Strategy | Synonyms | Therapy Targets | Therapy Drugs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S02 | Enhance lipid metabolism | triglyceride-lowering; lipid tolerance; lipid metabolism | 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) inhibitor; Decreases intestinal cholesterol absorption; FXR agonist; ACC inhibitor; FAS inhibitor; DGAT2 inhibitor; SCD-1 inhibitor | Atorvastatin; Ezetimibe; Obeticholic Acid; GS-9674; GS-0976; TVB-2640; IONIS-DGAT2rx; Aramchol; | Details |
| S05 | Anti-inflammatory | inflammatory | Bile acid; TNF-a inhibitor; Dual PPAR-α and -δ agonists; Toll-Like Receptor; (TLR)-4 antagonist; Caspase inhibitor; ASK-1 inhibitor | Ursodeoxycholic Acid; Pentoxifylline; Elafibranor; JKB-121; Emricasan; Selonsertib; | Details |
| Diseases ID | DO ID | Disease Name | Definition | Class | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I14 | 9970 | Obesity | An overnutrition that is characterized by excess body fat, traditionally defined as an elevated ratio of weight to height (specifically 30 kilograms per meter squared), has_material_basis_in a multifactorial etiology related to excess nutrition intake, decreased caloric utilization, and genetic susceptibility, and possibly medications and certain disorders of metabolism, endocrine function, and mental illness. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obesity | disease of metabolism/acquired metabolic disease/ nutrition disease/overnutrition | Details |
| Drug ID | Drug Name | Type | DrugBank ID | Targets | Category | Latest Progress | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D545 | Pig placenta extract | Biological extract | -- | -- | -- | Under clinical trials | Details |
| D579 | Emfilermin | Miscellany | -- | adipocytes | Enhance lipid metabolism | Under investigation | Details |
| D395 | Zinc | Chemical drug | DB01593 | PSPH; CCS; HDAC1 cofactor; HDAC4 cofactor; INS; UTRN; ASPA cofactor; TP73 cofactor; A2M; AGT; APOBR; APOE; APOL1; C3; C5; CFB; CFH; CFI; CLU; CP; CPN2; DSP; F12; F13B; FGA; GSN; HBB; HPR; JUP; SELENOP; TTR; VTN | -- | Under clinical trials | Details |