Repositioning Candidate Details
| Candidate ID: | R1358 |
| Source ID: | DB11254 |
| Source Type: | approved |
| Compound Type: | small molecule |
| Compound Name: | Hexylresorcinol |
| Synonyms: | 4-hexyl-1,3-benzenediol; 4-hexylresorcinol; Hexylresorcinol |
| Molecular Formula: | C12H18O2 |
| SMILES: | CCCCCCC1=C(O)C=C(O)C=C1 |
| Structure: |
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| DrugBank Description: | Hexylresorcinol is a substituted dihydroxybenzene. It exhibits antiseptic, anthelmintic, and local anesthetic properties. It can be found in topical applications for minor skin infections and in oral solutions or throat lozenges for pain relief and first aid antiseptic. The compound may also be used commonly in various commercial cosmetic anti-aging creams while ongoing studies research the possibility of using hexylresorcinol as an anti-cancer therapy - indications all of which require further study and testing at the current moment. |
| CAS Number: | 136-77-6 |
| Molecular Weight: | 194.2701 |
| DrugBank Indication: | Hexylresorcinol is predominantly employed as the active ingredient in lotions, sprays, or lozenges indicated as a (a) topical antiseptic to help prevent skin infection in minor cuts, scrapes, or burns, or (b) as an antiseptic and local anesthetic for the relief of a sore throat and its associated pain . In addition, hexylresorcinol is used as an active ingredient in various commercial cosmetic skincare products as an anti-aging cream while other studies have looked into whether or not the compound could be used effectively as an anti-inflammatory agent or even as an anti-cancer therapy . |
| DrugBank Pharmacology: | Hexylresorcinol is a phenol derivative, and in typical therapeutic usage is primarily a local anesthetic for topical use on the mucous membranes of the mouth and throat . The local anesthetic like properties of hexylresorcinol is likely due to its sodium channel blocking effects . The agent also demonstrates mild antiseptic activity as well as an apparent anti-inflammatory, demulcent action . |
| DrugBank MoA: | When acting as an oral anesthetic for relieving sore throats, it is generally believed that hexylresorcinol is possibly capable of blocking voltage-gated neuronal sodium channels, which in turn would inhibit the initiation and conduction of nerve impulses for feeling or transmitting pain signals in the local area to which the hexylresorcinol is applied . As an antiseptic agent, studies have demonstrated that hexylresorcinol is capable of eliciting actions like reducing or inhibiting the generation of bacterial biofilm, interfering with bacterial cell chain formation, reducing bacterial adherence of the pharynx, inhibition of glycolytic enzyme and pH drops, and alteration of cell surface hydrophobicity . Unfortunately, there are either antibiotics that function even more effectively at formally treating bacterial growth or there are also other plant-derived phenolic compounds similar to hexylresorcinol that elicit stronger such mechanisms of action . Nevertheless, it is useful for hexylresorcinol to have both anesthetic and certain antiseptic actions for its use in treating various relatively self-limiting scrapes and sore throats that are treated by the over-the-counter products that feature the compound. Early studies in the 1930s and 1940s suggested that there were more effective medicines over hexylresorcinol that could be employed for their anthelmintic effects . As an anti-inflammatory and anti-aging agent, some studies have shown that it may be possible for hexylresorcinol to inhibit the phosphorylation of the immune response mediator NF-kappaB and also elicit a significant skin lightening effect owing to a strong inhibitory effect on tyrosinase and peroxidase and a stimulatory effect on glutathione and E-cadherin syntheses . It is proposed that hexylresorcinol can bind to tyrosinase directly and inhibits its enzyme activity . Literature data suggests that low glutathione levels relates to the deposition of melanin in the skin of humans and other animals, while high glutathione levels inhibit melanogenesis . And ultimately, it is also reported that glutathione depletion increases tyrosinase activity in human melanoma cells, which makes hexylresorcinol's effects on tyrosinase desirable . Finally, there are ongoing studies that have reported hexylresorcinol's abilities to induce the differentiation of SCC-9 squamous cell cell-line by way of the modulation of the E2F-mediated signaling pathway and suppress the growth of squamous cell carcinoma SCC-9 cells in a dose-dependent manner . Moreover, such studies have also shown that hexylresorcinol is seemingly capable of dose-dependent induction of SCC-9 cell apoptosis as well as the inhibition of transglutaminase-2 enzyme activity which can facilitate chemotherapy resistance . |
| Targets: | DNA topoisomerase 1 inhibitor; Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 2 inhibitor; Tyrosinase inhibitor |
| Inclusion Criteria: | Therapeutic strategy associated |
| Strategy ID | Strategy | Synonyms | Related Targets | Related Drugs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S13 | Anti-apoptosis | hepatocyte apoptosis; hepatic autophagy; apoptosis | Pan-caspase inhibitor | Emricasan | Details |
| S05 | Anti-inflammatory | inflammatory | Bile acid; TNF-a inhibitor; Dual PPAR-α and -δ agonists; Toll-Like Receptor; (TLR)-4 antagonist; Caspase inhibitor; ASK-1 inhibitor | Ursodeoxycholic Acid; Pentoxifylline; Elafibranor; JKB-121; Emricasan; Selonsertib; | Details |
| Target ID | Target Name | GENE | Action | Class | UniProtKB ID | Entry Name |
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| Diseases ID | DO ID | Disease Name | Definition | Class |
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