Therapeutic Strategy Details
| Strategy ID: | S13 |
| Strategy: | Anti-apoptosis |
| Other Terms: | hepatocyte apoptosis; hepatic autophagy; apoptosis |
| Related Targets: | Pan-caspase inhibitor |
| Related Drugs: | Emricasan |
| Mechanism: | Increased hepatocyte apoptosis may distinguish NASH from NAFLD, and the improvement of apoptosis could play a role in controlling the development of NASH. |
| Reference (PMIDs): | 21633093; 29991872 |
| Target ID | Target Name | GENE | Action | Class | UniProtKB ID | Entry Name | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T11 | Caspase-3 | CASP3 | inhibitor | Enzyme | P42574 | CASP3_HUMAN | Details |
| T12 | Caspase-7 | CASP7 | inhibitor | Enzyme | P55210 | CASP7_HUMAN | Details |
| T13 | Apoptosis Signal-regulating Kinase 1 | ASK1 | inhibitor | Enzyme | Q99683 | M3K5_HUMAN | Details |
| T14 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 | MAP3K5 | inhibitor | Enzyme | Q99683 | M3K5_HUMAN | Details |
| T42 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase 17B | STK17B | inhibitor | Kinase | O94768 | ST17B_HUMAN | Details |
| Drug ID | Drug Name | Type | DrugBank ID | Targets | Category | Latest Progress | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D032 | Betaine | Chemical drug | DB06756 | DNMTs stimulant | Improve insulin resistance | Under clinical trials | Details |
| D075 | Choline | Supplement | DB00122 | PLD2 product of; PLD1 product of | -- | Under clinical trials | Details |
| D092 | Curcumin | Chemical drug | DB11672 | PPARG; COX inhibitor | Anticancer agent; NSAID | Under clinical trials | Details |
| D105 | DHA | Chemical drug | DB03756 | PPARA ligand; PPARG ligand | Anti-inflammatory | Under clinical trials | Details |
| D123 | Emricasan | Chemical drug | DB05408 | caspase inhibitor | Anti-inflammatory | Failed in clinical trials | Details |
| D134 | Fenretinide | Chemical drug | DB05076 | RARB agonist; RARG agonist | Anti-fibrosis | Under clinical trials | Details |
| D137 | Fish oil | Biological drug | DB13961 | -- | -- | Under clinical trials | Details |
| D251 | OKT3 | Biological drug | DB00075 | CD3E antagonist | Immunosuppressant | Under clinical trials | Details |
| D383 | Vildagliptin | Chemical drug | DB04876 | DPP4 inhibitor | Antidiabetic drug | Under clinical trials | Details |
| D395 | Zinc | Chemical drug | DB01593 | PSPH; CCS; HDAC1 cofactor; HDAC4 cofactor; INS; UTRN; ASPA cofactor; TP73 cofactor; A2M; AGT; APOBR; APOE; APOL1; C3; C5; CFB; CFH; CFI; CLU; CP; CPN2; DSP; F12; F13B; FGA; GSN; HBB; HPR; JUP; SELENOP; TTR; VTN | -- | Under clinical trials | Details |
| Candidate ID | Source ID | Source Type | Compound Type | Candidate Name | Inclusion Criteria | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R0001 | DB00002 | approved | biotech | Cetuximab | Therapeutic strategy associated | Details |
| R0006 | DB00016 | approved | biotech | Erythropoietin | Therapeutic strategy associated | Details |
| R0008 | DB00022 | approved | biotech | Peginterferon alfa-2b | Therapeutic strategy associated | Details |
| R0020 | DB00065 | approved | biotech | Infliximab | Therapeutic strategy associated | Details |
| R0022 | DB00073 | approved | biotech | Rituximab | Therapeutic strategy associated | Details |
| R0024 | DB00081 | approved; investigational | biotech | Tositumomab | Therapeutic strategy associated | Details |
| R0028 | DB00098 | approved | biotech | Antithymocyte immunoglobulin (rabbit) | Therapeutic strategy associated | Details |
| R0057 | DB00169 | approved; nutraceutical | small molecule | Cholecalciferol | Therapeutic strategy associated | Details |
| R0070 | DB00188 | approved; investigational | small molecule | Bortezomib | Therapeutic strategy associated | Details |
| R0088 | DB00227 | approved; investigational | small molecule | Lovastatin | Therapeutic strategy associated | Details |
| Article ID | PMID | Source | Title | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A00040 | 35247631 | Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol | The critical and diverse roles of CD4-CD8- double negative T cells in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. | Details |
| A00051 | 35242578 | Mol Genet Metab Rep | Expression signature of the Leigh syndrome French-Canadian type. | Details |
| A00095 | 35221291 | J Pharmacol Exp Ther | Resveratrol attenuates HFD-induced hepatic lipotoxicity by up-regulating Bmi-1 expression. | Details |
| A00117 | 35215517 | Nutrients | Potential Roles and Key Mechanisms of Hawthorn Extract against Various Liver Diseases. | Details |
| A00122 | 35213001 | Methods Mol Biol | In Vivo Analysis of Necrosis and Ferroptosis in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH). | Details |
| A00124 | 35212999 | Methods Mol Biol | Assessment of Lipotoxic Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Stress in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH). | Details |
| A00151 | 35208205 | Metabolites | A Potential Role for Bile Acid Signaling in Celiac Disease-Associated Fatty Liver. | Details |
| A00160 | 35204232 | Antioxidants (Basel) | Dietary Selenium Alleviated Mouse Liver Oxidative Stress and NAFLD Induced by Obesity by Regulating the KEAP1/NRF2 Pathway. | Details |
| A00248 | 35166723 | Clin Transl Gastroenterol | Relationship between hepatic gene expression, intestinal microbiota and inferred functional metagenomic analysis in NAFLD. | Details |
| A00251 | 35164657 | Bioengineered | Liraglutide inhibits receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE)/reduced form of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAPDH) signaling to ameliorate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in vivo and vitro. | Details |
| A00287 | 35152446 | Hepatology | FGF4 protects the liver from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by activating the AMP-activated protein kinase-Caspase 6 signal axis. | Details |
| A00342 | 35127372 | Acta Pharm Sin B | The cGAS-STING signaling in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases: Future novel target option for pharmacotherapy. | Details |
| A00358 | 35122118 | Semin Immunopathol | TNF in the liver: targeting a central player in inflammation. | Details |
| A00370 | 35115498 | Cell Death Discov | Bdh1 overexpression ameliorates hepatic injury by activation of Nrf2 in a MAFLD mouse model. | Details |
| A00474 | 35068796 | J Clin Exp Hepatol | A Current Understanding of Bile Acids in Chronic Liver Disease. | Details |
| A00519 | 35054478 | Life (Basel) | Deep Sea Water-Dissolved Organic Matter Intake Improves Hyperlipidemia and Inhibits Thrombus Formation and Vascular Inflammation in High-Fat Diet Hamsters. | Details |
| A00550 | 35050176 | Metabolites | Lentinan Protects against Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Reducing Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis via the PPARα Pathway. | Details |
| A00665 | 35010950 | Nutrients | Sulforaphane Attenuates Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Inhibiting Hepatic Steatosis and Apoptosis. | Details |
| A00687 | 35003513 | Oxid Med Cell Longev | TNF-Like Ligand 1 Aberrance Aggravates Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis via M1 Macrophage Polarization. | Details |
| A00695 | 35000120 | Clin J Gastroenterol | The impact of emricasan on chronic liver diseases: current data. | Details |