Repositioning Candidate Details
| Candidate ID: | R1505 |
| Source ID: | DB13949 |
| Source Type: | approved |
| Compound Type: | small molecule |
| Compound Name: | Ferric cation |
| Synonyms: | FE (III) ION; Fe(III); Ferric ion; iron(3+) |
| Molecular Formula: | Fe |
| SMILES: | [Fe+3] |
| Structure: |
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| DrugBank Description: | Iron is a transition metal with a symbol Fe and atomic number 26. By mass, it is the most common element on Earth. Iron is an essential element involved in various metabolic processes, including oxygen transport, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis, and energy production in electron transport . Resulting from inadequate supply of iron to cells due to depletion of stores, iron deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency worldwide, particularly affecting children, women of childbearing age, and pregnant women . Iron deficiency may be characterized without the development of anemia, and may result in functional impairments affecting cognitive development and immunity mechanisms, as well as infant or maternal mortality if it occurs during pregnancy . The main therapeutic preparation of iron is , and iron-sucrose may also be given intravenously . Iron exists in two oxidation states: the ferrous cation (Fe2+) and ferric cation (Fe3+). Non-haem iron in food is mainly in the ferric state, which is the insoluble form of iron, and must be reduced to the ferrous cation for absorption . Ferric citrate (tetraferric tricitrate decahydrate) is a phosphate binder indicated for the control of serum phosphorus levels in patients with chronic kidney disease on dialysis. |
| CAS Number: | 20074-52-6 |
| Molecular Weight: | 55.845 |
| DrugBank Indication: | For the control of serum phosphorus levels in patients with chronic kidney disease on dialysis, as ferric citrate. |
| DrugBank Pharmacology: | When Fe3+ is converted to soluble Fe2+, it primarily exists in the circulation in the complex forms bound to protein (hemoprotein) as heme compounds (hemoglobin or myoglobin), heme enzymes, or nonheme compounds (flavin-iron enzymes, transferring, and ferritin) . Once converted, Fe2+ serves to support various biological functions. Iron promotes the synthesis of oxygen transport proteins such as myoglobin and hemoglobin, and the formation of heme enzymes and other iron-containing enzymes involved in electron transfer and redox reactions . It also acts as a cofactor in many non-heme enzymes including hydroxylases and ribonucleotide reductase . Iron-containing proteins are responsible in mediating antioxidant actions, energy metabolism, oxygen sensing actions, and DNA replication and repair . Saturation of transferrin from high concentrations of unstable iron preparations may elevate the levels of weakly transferrin-bound Fe3+, which may induce oxidative stress by catalyzing lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species formation . |
| DrugBank MoA: | Iron is incorporated into various proteins to serve biological functions as a structural component or cofactor. Once ferric or ferrous cation from intestinal enterocytes or reticuloendothelial macrophages is bound to circulating transferrin, iron-transferrin complex binds to the cell-surface transferrin receptor (TfR) 1, resulting in endocytosis and uptake of the metal cargo. Internalized iron is transported to mitochondria for the synthesis of heme or iron-sulfur clusters, which are integral parts of several metalloproteins . Excess iron is stored and detoxified in cytosolic ferritin . Internalized Fe2+ exported across the basolateral membrane into the bloodstream via Fe+2 transporter ferroportin, which is coupled by reoxidation to Fe3+ via membrane-bound ferroxidase hephaestin or ceruloplasmin activity . Fe+3 is again scavenged by transferrin which maintains the ferric iron in a redox-inert state and delivers it into tissues . Fe3+ participates in the autoxidation reaction, where it can be chelated by DNA. It mainly binds to the backbone phosphate group, whereas at higher metal ion content, the cation binds to both guanine N-7 atom and the backbone phosphate group . |
| Targets: | Iron(3+)-hydroxamate-binding protein FhuD binder; Transferrin receptor protein 1 agonist |
| Inclusion Criteria: | Therapeutic strategy associated |
| Diseases ID | DO ID | Disease Name | Definition | Class | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I02 | 5113 | Nutritional deficiency disease | A nutrition disease that is characterized by deficiency of a nutritional element, such as a vitamin, mineral, carbohydrate, protein, fat, or general energy content. https://medlineplus.gov/malnutrition.html | disease of metabolism/acquired metabolic disease/nutrition disease | Details |